Other parts: clot.
There's a 50-minute audio overview of this file generated by Gemini Notebook here: https://
Kevin McCairn's website has a list of links to websites that are related to his stream, which used to consist of links to the websites of J.J. Couey, Mark Kulacz, Charles Rixey, and a guy called Paul on McCairn's Discord, even though at one point McCairn removed the link to Couey's website. [http://
I first heard about McCairn in March 2020 because he was a guest in a video by Paul Cottrell, which was one of the first videos McCairn did in alt media. [https://
Addy Adds functioned as a mini-me of George Webb for a while, he coauthored multiple books with George Webb, he did many videos in person with Webb, and he was Webb's wingman on January 6th. In the fashion of George Webb, Jason Goodman, and Mark Kulacz, Addy also calls himself a citizen journalist. Addy even said that he was "knighted" by George Webb, but I don't know if it meant that Webb initiated Addy to become a member of some secret order, like The Most Excellent and Accepted Rite of Citizen Journalists, or if his knighting had a more mundane meaning. [https://
George Webb also did many videos with Paul Cottrell, who was Webb's go-to guy on COVID science and Webb's biology teacher. Webb actually managed to learn an impressive amount of details about COVID from Cottrell. McCairn and Webb were the two guests on the first episode of Paul Cottrell's "Coronavirus War Room" series of videos. [https://
George Webb has said that in 2002 to 2003, he shared an apartment in New York with a lady who worked as a caterer at Epstein's parties (and Steve Outtrim has additionally said that the lady was an intelligence agent who secretly videotaped the parties, but I don't know what his sources are or if he is correct). [https://
In a Periscope livestream in 2017, Webb said that he used to work with Dutch intelligence in New York. He said: "So, let me - I was talking about Mossad earlier. So, so, I didn't know that these people that were presenting themselves - little bit at a time - 'Oh, I'm just a diplomat. Oh, I'm just actually, uh, well, actually I had some intelligence background way back when. Oh, actually, um, I did a few operations. Oh, well, I might still do occasional stuff for blah blah blah. Oh, yeah, actually I am French intel.' That kinda procedure. And this happened to me with the Dutch. And now I'm just - I'm gonna let everybody know right now, I used to work with the Dutch in New York. So it wasn't Russia. And I did drops." [https://
Couey tweeted: "Even crazier when you realize that my first ever live streams of any kind were invites to join Paul Cottrell of Operation George Webb, Addy Ads of Operation George Webb, and McCairn...five weekends in a row. McCairn had a solo stream with Ads-Webb one week before. All in on it." [https://
In early 2020, George Webb was probably the most famous proponent of the theory that SARS-CoV-2 was created at Fort Detrick by Sina Bavari's team. Webb's theory was also promoted by Mark Kulacz, and when I searched BitChute for "Sina Bavari", all results were videos posted by Kulacz. [https://
Mark Kulacz worked as a "competitive intelligence director" at a company called Datto, which made the news in 2015 after the FBI seized a backup server of Hillary's emails that was managed by Datto. In 2019 Kulacz came out as a whistleblower about Datto's role in the email scandal, even though most of what he said was already public information. [https://
But regardless, Kulacz's past as a whistleblower is interesting, because Hillary's emails and DNC emails were one of the main topics that George Webb was focused on before COVID. Peter Strzok is also a frequent character in George Webb's stories, and Webb says that Strzok's father had an integral role in the Iran nuclear deal. [https://
Webb was introduced to Jason Goodman by Lee Stranahan, who said that he also introduced the supposed Russian hacker Guccifer 2.0 to Roger Stone (even though Guccifer 2.0 appears to have been a fake persona that was created to deflect attention away from the Russian cyber warfare units that in reality hacked the emails). [https://
After Kulacz started his YouTube channel in 2019, the first guest on his channel was a lawyer from DC whose father was a high-level FBI agent, and the second guest was Patrick Bergy, who worked as a cyberwarfare expert for the military contractor Dynology. [https://
Bergy is one of the few people in alt media who has done an interview with Thomas Schoenberger, and Bergy has even used Schoenberger's music as background music in his livestreams. [https://
In April 2020, George Webb's brother reported that Jason Goodman had declared a cyber war against Cottrell because Cottrell appeared on Michael Decon's radio show together with Schoenberger. [http://
Thomas Schoenberger made a video about the origins of Q, where he said that in 2017 before the first Q drop had been released, he created a Q puzzle which was part of a Cicada puzzle called Sevens.Exposed. [https://
Iona Miller's husband Richard Alan Miller has been a guest of the Leak Project and Oppenheimer Ranch Project channels on YouTube, which were the first two channels I found where Paul Cottrell ever appeared as a guest, and in fact Cottrell and Richard Alan Miller appeared as guests on consecutive episodes of Oppenheimer Ranch Project in February 2020. [https://
Paul Cottrell has a backup channel on YouTube called "Abraham Lincoln". It has only a single video, which consists of a still image of the logo of Cicada 3301, and if you create a spectrogram image of the audio channel of the video, there's a hidden message signed "3301". [https://
In 2020 Cottrell did a video where he recorded his screen while he played the Abraham Lincoln video on his backup channel, and he posted the video on his main channel. In the comment section someone asked "What is this?", but Cottrell replied "forward operations", and when someone else said it was a puzzle, Cottrell replied "much more than a puzzle my friend". [https://
In February 2020, Paul Cottrell posted a video where he showed a tweet by Voice of Guo Media, which said that at a critical moment on June 4th, Miles Guo's people would go against the top level of the CCP. Then Cottrell said: "This is code. This is a CIA code for an operation. And what's happening is you take 6 for June 4th, 2020, ok. Cause that's the date that he's mentioning. Take the 6 for June divided by 2, you get 3. You take the 4 for the date divided by 2, you get 2. You take 2020, which is 2 plus 0 plus 2 plus 0, is 4. Divide it by 2, it's 2. When you take those answers from those ratios, it adds to 3, it makes 3, 2, 2. That is the sign. That's the code that the CIA operation is happening. There is a takedown of the CCP and this was the launch code." [https://
In February 2020 one of Cottrell's YouTube videos went viral in China, so he became known as "the American whistleblower" in China. [https://
The same screenshots had been published a few days earlier by the radio host Hal Turner, who said that the text messages were not leaked by the person who received the text messages, but by his 18-year-old son who took the screenshots on his father's phone. [http://
Hal Turner worked as an informant for the FBI, and he even organized a Nazi rally for the FBI in New York. [http://
In 2010 Hal Turner told the New York Times that he "answered the call of the federal government to infiltrate the white supremacist movement", and he said that his racist persona was fake, and he told people to "be confident that the person you hear on radio is not real life". [https://
Kevin McCairn is in his fifties, but he has positioned himself as a memetic warrior on the internet, and he and his followers make memes that include characters like Pepe the Frog and Wojak. For a long time the thumbnails of McCairn's videos used to feature Pepe the Frog, and his profile picture on Twitter was based on Pepe the Frog. Mike Benz is a Jew who used to have a YouTube channel called Frame Game Radio, which he said was part of a project by Jews to infiltrate the white nationalist movement. [https://
To my knowledge, Kevin McCairn has been featured as a coauthor of two scientific papers about COVID. One of them was a review of COVID origins by several members of DRASTIC, who included Dan Sirotkin and J.J. Couey. [https://
Fleming claims that he started studying for his PhD degree in physics at age 12, because he was part of a secret program that was a successor to MK-Ultra, but he presents a fake photoshopped image as his PhD diploma. [fleming.
McCairn's sidekick Charles Rixey wrote the foreword for Fleming's book, and Rixey and McCairn were speakers on Fleming's Crimes Against Humanity tour. As far as I know, Rixey and Fleming were the only western people who provided testimony to Peter Kotlár's Slovakian COVID commission. The videos by the commission were published on the Facebook page of a lady who used to work as a newscaster on mainstream TV, but who later became the cohost of Kotlár's conspiracy video channel. Fleming and Kotlár wrote a paper about an analysis of vaccine lots by Soňa Peková, who is a member of a neo-Theosophical UFO cult called ALLATRA, which looks like a version of Falun Gong that is targeted against Eastern Europe instead of China, and which like Falun Gong appears to operate as a front for US intelligence.
I first found Couey's YouTube channel because it was linked at the top of a blog post by Dan Sirotkin. [https://
Christie Laura Grace is another one of the many suspicious people McCairn is connected to. Her pet topic is LNPs, and she blames just about everything on LNPs, so she predictably also says that the calamari clots are caused by LNPs (in the same way that Geoffrey Norman Pain says the clots are caused by endotoxin, and Bryan Ardis says the clots are caused by snake venom, and Marc Girardot says the clots are explained by bolus theory). McCairn has done multiple streams with Christie Grace about how the calamari clots are supposedly explained by LNPs, and Grace and McCairn appeared as guests together on a podcast to talk about the clots. [https://
In 2023, McCairn, Rixey, and Grace were featured in a video panel hosted by Philip McMillan, who seems like a disinformation agent because of his complicity in Greg's ORF hoax. [https://
Christie Grace has said that she "recorded experimentation on people" using equipment she received from Project Veritas, because she was going to be a whistleblower for Project Veritas. [i/
The DEFUSE proposal document was originally published by Billy Bostickson, who is supposed to have received the document from Joseph Murphy via Rixey, but a few months later the DEFUSE document was released again by Project Veritas with additional commentary by Murphy. Murphy supposedly found the document on a drive at the DARPA's Biological Technologies Office while he served as the liaison of the Marine Corps to the DARPA, but even though he is supposed to have leaked a document with vital importance to national security, he didn't lose his career with the Navy, but he instead got a job at the Office of Naval Research. [https://
In 2021 Addy Adds ghostwrote a Kindle book for Cirsten Weldon, which is supposed to have sold about 200,000 USD worth of copies in 3 weeks, even though I suspect the book was employed to launder money. [https://
Addy's mother taught Spanish on naval bases in Guam and Okinawa, so Addy went to a high school on the naval base in Guam, and he later moved with his family to Okinawa. [https://
In March 2025 McCairn did an experiment where he injected pieces of Hirschman's clot into the heart of a hamster, which died right after the injection. He didn't do a public stream about the experiment, but he only livestreamed it on his Discord.
Wayne Crouch made an infographic about how McCairn killed the hamster after injecting it with "our amyloid jab clot samples". Crouch said that McCairn was linked to Solution of Scientists, which is the group that Crouch and Greg Harrison are part of, and which I'm calling the "Aussie Quinta Columna". Crouch is supposed to be a journalist, but in his infographic he somehow managed to misspell the words "scientist's", "hampsters", and "acess": [https://
Wayne Crouch also wrote a Facebook post where he referred to the people who conducted McCairn's experiment as "we": [https://
Crouch claimed that McCairn's experiment was proof that "we will see the rapid death to the shot recipients". But if the hamster died within seconds from the injection, then why haven't vaccinated people died rapidly yet, even though years have already passed from vaccination? And anyway, if McCairn injected protein into the heart of the hamster, it's hardly comparable to injecting LNPs filled with RNA into a muscle in the arm.
In March 2025, Tom Haviland wrote a Substack post where he described McCairn's analysis of the clots. [https://
Haviland's Substack post had a document attached named Kevin_, which described the results of McCairn's analysis of the clots. The authors of the document were anonymous, and the document was mysteriously signed by "The Researchers":
McCairn told me he was not involved in writing the document. However one of the authors was probably Greg Harrison, because the document was formatted in a similar way as Greg's documents. In 2024 Laura Kasner posted another similar PDF about the clots, where the PDF said that the "authors remain anonymous for safety reasons", but Kasner wrote that Greg was one of the authors. [https://
The document about McCairn's findings said that "ORF-19 and ORF-11 are now functionally implicated in the induction of prionic seeding":
The names of ORFs were written with a hyphen in the document. The names of ORFs are normally written without a hyphen, but Greg Harrison and Wayne Crouch have both written the names of ORFs with a hyphen. [https://
McCairn told me on his Discord: "You seem incapable of understanding that I am working independently and the only link is that is that Greg claims to have done some investigation on the clots. What he has done has nothing to do with my lab analysis." But I linked to the Kevin_ document and I asked him: "If you're so independent from Greg et al. then why did they write this report about your findings?" And McCairn replied: "I have no idea, and I did not give them permission to write that report or associate it with me any way."
Kevin McCairn's website has a page called "Prion Research Investigation Project", which includes a stock photo of people in a lab that I thought looked similar to the stock footage in An Unholy Triad: [https://
But then I found that McCairn's stock photo came from the same collection of stock footage that was used in An Unholy Triad: [https://
I thought that the stock photo on McCairn's website might be a clue that the same people who made An Unholy Triad were also involved in making McCairn's website. McCairn told me that the page on his website with the stock photo was made by Chris France, who has also made other parts of McCairn's website. But when I asked Chris France how he picked the stock image, he didn't answer me. So the question of whether the matching stock footage was a coincidence or not is still open.
Greg's AI seems to have prophesied the results of McCairn's Rt-QuIC analysis, because in December 2024 Greg wrote: "Thx Kevin, will send you emails with word docs attached in which AI is now telling us we have identified a new blood-born Amyloid-prion disease. All is conjecture but AI seems highly convinced we shall soon identify this new Amyloid-Prion hybrid disease with deep NMR's & RT-QuIC, plus a few more techniques to properly nail it. Interesting times ahead..thx Gregh" [https://
Greg Harrison, Wayne Crouch, and Lisa Johnston are all promoting a McCairn-style narrative about a coming prion apocalypse. Lisa Johnston tweeted that "Planet earth is under attack by prionic amaloidosis created by man": [https://
Wayne Crouch was credited as the director of the Unholy Triad videos. The final video in the series presented a scenario of a prion apocalypse. First vaccinated people started developing calamari clots, and then prions from the clots ended up in wastewater, and wastewater carried the prions into the sea. Then the seawater evaporated and formed into deadly prion rain, and also the prions spread to humans who ate fish, and in the end all of humanity died: [https://
In February 2025 Kevin McCairn appeared on a video panel about the clots hosted by Steve Kirsch, which also featured Kevin McKernan, Richard Hirschman, Tom Haviland, and Greg Harrison: [https://
Kirsch is connected to the story about the clots in multiple ways, because I believe he was the second person after Jane Ruby who interviewed Hirschman, and the first person who interviewed Anna Foster and Cary Watkins, who to my knowledge were the next two people after Hirschman who said they had seen the clots. Jane Ruby wrote that Kirsch worked with Epoch Times to put out his own version of the story about the clots, but they left her evidence out of the story. [https://
So I thought that McCairn might have somehow become involved with the clots through Kirsch, because Couey said: "Steve Kirsch wanted me to evaluate Kevin McCairn's grant proposal in 2022, and we had a nice little text exchange on my phone about that. And so there again, he even offered to send me to Tokyo to help him work, and help him do those experiments." [https://
So perhaps it was a coincidence that McCairn happened to send the grant proposal to Kirsch, because McCairn doesn't seem to otherwise be too closely connected to Kirsch.
In March 2025 when I compiled evidence on McCairn's Discord that Greg's ORFs were a hoax, McCairn recognized the ORFs to be fake. Then in April 2025 Greg Harrison tweeted: "And at this point in time, wish to retract my ORF 'rantings' due to our lack of credible evidence that any of our ORF stuff actually exists". [https://
When I asked McCairn on his Discord how he first got connected to Greg, he replied: "Here @Henjin is a screenshot of first emails, with time stamps with respect to Greg and Richard. Why don't we start here so you can order your thinking a little better. As memory serves I was involved in a Skype call, it was a group of researchers who had been looking at histological sections of blood from patients that showed microclotting where they presented their histological findings and I initially advised them on how to proceed to stain their tissue for presence of amyloid." And later McCairn also explained: "As I recall it was meeting with clinicians who have worked with Richard to begin to measure and quantify what the clots were. They were trying to do thioflavin staining, but lacked the equipment necessary for precise histology. He [Greg] was a part of that call, I didn't know him but he was obviously co-ordinating with Richard and the clinician group in Alabhama who are treating amyloidogenic microclots. As they were making procedural errors in trying to type the tissue, and I had the facilities available, i offered to process the tissue properly so that histological staining for amyloids was done correctly. I have received no money from them to do this or for the subsequent anlayses I have done using RT-QuIC, SEM/EDX and Raman spectroscopy. All of those methods have confirmed an amyloidogenic signature. Does that make sense?"
So as of now it's more or less clear that Greg's crew is deliberately producing disinformation, but it's not yet clear if McCairn is complicit in their operation, or if McCairn rather got inadvertently involved with Greg's crew because he volunteered to help with the histological staining analysis, or because he was looking for samples of the clots to analyze.
But in the case that the clots are fake, and Harrison and Hirschman know themselves the clots are fake, then would they trust someone to analyze the clots who is not in on the scam? People who had presented a laboratory analysis of the clots before McCairn include Mike Adams, Ryan Cole, Ana Mihalcea, Clifford Carnicom, Diana Wojtkowiak, Zandre Botha, Arne Burkhardt, and Greg Harrison. But I believe all of them are controlled opposition. (I explained why I think Burkhardt and Cole are controlled opposition on my page about turbo cancer, because the term "turbo cancer" was first introduced in Burkhardt's conference, and I believe Cole was the first major person who promoted the hoax about turbo cancer but who was not German: turbo.
In March 2025, Philip McMillan did one video about McCairn's analysis of the calamari clots, another video where he talked about Greg's ORFs and how McCairn had found that the clots were autofluorescent, and another video about an AI-generated document that had mystery ORFs going up to ORF100:
When I asked Grok to list people who have presented a laboratory analysis of the calamari clots, the first two people it listed were Mike Adams and Greg Harrison. Grok said that McCairn's Raman and RT-QuIC analysis was done by "Harrison's team", because Grok cited a Substack post by Nicolas Hulscher, who gave the impression that McCairn's analysis was done by Greg's team: [https://
Added in June 2025: Over a period of only two days, Greg Harrison posted all of these tweets that promoted McCairn: [https://
Added in 2026: Greg is still heavily promoting McCairn, and Greg has now released a paper where he supposedly replicated McCairn's Raman spectroscopy analysis of the clots.
Even after I exposed Greg's ORF hoax, McCairn only threw grew halfway under the bus, because McCairn acted like Greg was just some foolish boomer who got tricked into believing in his own AI hallucinations (even though in reality Greg was clearly part of a coordinated disinformation operation that also included Wayne Crouch and Lisa Johnston):
I think McCairn is probably working for the same disinformation operation as Greg, so even though McCairn distanced himself from Greg's crew, he hasn't drawn attention to the ORF hoax as evidence that the clots are not real. And when Greg's crew released the trilogy of preprints about the clots in 2026, McCairn failed to mention how me and a moderator on his Discord had earlier shown how the data in the trilogy was likely fake. And he hasn't drawn attention to how Hirschman and Haviland have continued to support Greg even after Greg was shown to have fabricated the data about the ORFs.
In early 2025 when Greg Harrison was promoting the hoax about the fake ORFs, his biggest cheerleaders on Twitter were users called CoyoteSanctuary and RexesRule/CatsRule2023. Both of them also joined Kevin McCairn's Discord around December 2024, which was after McCairn had started doing videos with Hirschman and Harrison. Even after I had posted exhaustive evidence on the Discord that the ORFs were fake, RexesRule and CoyoteSanctuary kept defending Greg's ORFs, and they just told me that I was crazy or that I was a counterintelligence agent. So I thought they might have been in on the scam, since otherwise their behavior of defending Greg's hoax did not seem reasonable: [https://
When I looked into RexesRule's Twitter profile, I noticed that her banner image had a seal that said "NAVSECGRUDIV" and "NAVCAMSEASTPAC": [https://
Wikipedia says that NAVSECGRU is a former unit of naval intelligence, whose assets later formed the Information Operations Directorate of Naval Network Warfare Command: [https://
The Naval Security Group (NAVSECGRU) was an organization within the United States Navy, tasked with intelligence gathering and denial of intelligence to adversaries. A large part of this is signals intelligence gathering, cryptology and information assurance. The NAVSECGRU organization was active from March 1935 to September 2005.
In addition to being part of the Navy, NAVSECGRU was also part of the National Security Agency's Central Security Service.
The NAVSECGRU organization was transferred to the Naval Network Warfare Command (NETWARCOM) where its former assets made up the Information Operations Directorate.
"NAVCAMS EASTPAC" is short for "Naval Communication Area Master Station, Eastern Pacific". [https://
I found a tweet where RexesRule wrote: "My NAVSECGRU team was the best." [https://
An announcement from 2005 said: "What was formerly NAVSECGRU has now become NETWARCOM's Information Operations Directorate." [https://
Later after I got Kevin McCairn to agree with me that Greg's ORFs were fake, Greg posted a tweet where he wrote "And at this point in time, wish to retract my ORF 'rantings' due to our lack of credible evidence that any of our ORF stuff actually exists." [https://
But on the other hand it's possible that RexesRule was not part of Greg's team in the way that Wayne Crouch seems to be part of a coordinated team with Greg, because the oldest tweet that matched the query @ was only posted in February 2025. And similarly the oldest tweet that matched the query @ was only posted in December 2024. But before that both RexesRule and CoyoteSanctuary had frequently interacted with Kevin McCairn. So RexesRule seems more like a cheerleader for McCairn, who started promoting Greg's ORF hoax after Greg had appeared as a guest on McCairn's stream.
I think CoyoteSanctuary is likely to be a useful idiot, but I'm not so sure about RexesRule, especially considering how McCairn is also connected to the US Navy or US naval intelligence through Charles Rixey (who is a former Marine, and who received the DEFUSE proposal from Joseph Murphy who works for the Office of Naval Research), Spartacus (who is a merchant marine), Paul Cottrell (who had a radio show on a network operated by a naval intelligence agent), J.J. Couey (whose former boss works for the ONR), and Addy Adds (who lived on US naval bases, and who ghostwrote a book for a Qtard lady whose channel was managed by someone who also managed the channel of an ex-Marine Qtard).
RexesRule has made many meme-style images where she has promoted Kevin McCairn, and she frequently posts tweets where she asks people to donate money to McCairn:
Greg Harrison also retweeted a tweet where RexesRule asked people to donate money to McCairn: [https://
Added in 2026: RexesRule has now started making infomercial-style memes to promote McCairn's amyloid fibril removal scam: [https://
Now you too can get your fibrils removed for the low-low price of 60,000 US dollars: [https://
Added in June 2026: RexesRule has now started making videos promoting McCairn, because she says she is trying to get McCairn's work noticed by the mainstream media: [https://
Added in July 2026: RexesRule promoted this video of Greg Harrison, even though I had shown her many times that Greg had fabricated his data: [https://
And even though CoyoteSanctuary knows about Greg's ORF hoax, he is still cheerleading for Greg as well: [https://
A user called Mr. Micronicle joined Kevin McCairn's Discord server in 2025. He posted various microscope images on the server, including images that he claimed showed calamari clots that came from the body of a dead person, even though he refused to answer me where he obtained the clots.
Mr. Micronicle said that he took microscope photos of his blood stained with Thioflavin T, and he showed an image of a fiber-like object in the blood with a diameter of about 10-20 µm. Then Kevin McCairn said "That is the amyloid fibril, good job and nice image capture":
I told McCairn:
Wouldn't it be an aggregate structure that consists of multiple fibrils? A single fibril would be much narrower based on what ChatGPT said:
Amyloid fibrils are very thin protein aggregates.
Their diameter typically ranges from 7 to 13 nanometers (nm), regardless of where they form (blood, organs, brain, etc.).
In blood-related diseases like AA amyloidosis or AL amyloidosis, amyloid fibrils circulate or deposit, and their size remains in that typical range.
Cryo-EM (cryo-electron microscopy) and atomic force microscopy studies have shown that some fibrils can be as thin as 6 nm or up to about 15 nm, depending on the specific protein involved and conditions of formation.
McCairn responded: "All peptides are aggregate structures. Depends on the method of aggregation though and their resistance to proteases as to how we classify them as pathogenic." But I showed that ChatGPT said:
In scientific terminology:
A fibril is understood to be a very thin, elongated structure, usually in the nanometer scale for diameter (approximately 7-13 nanometers for amyloid fibrils).
Structures that are micrometers wide (especially 10 micrometers, which is about 1,000 times thicker than a typical fibril) would more accurately be called:
Bundles of fibrils
Aggregates
Fibers or fiber-like structures (sometimes used when many fibrils associate)
Thus, a 10 micrometer-wide formation would be considered a fiber or an aggregate of fibrils, rather than a single fibril itself.
And McCairn said: "It is a fibril, singular, of oligomerized amyloidogenic fibrin. That description is correct." But I showed him that ChatGPT responded:
In principle, no - if you are using a standard light microscope, it would not be possible to image a single fibril of oligomerized amyloidogenic fibrin.
Here is a detailed explanation:
A single fibril (even one formed by fibrin adopting amyloid-like structure) would have a diameter of around 6-15 nanometers, sometimes slightly thicker depending on conditions.
The diffraction limit of optical microscopy (~200-250 nm) means anything thinner than that cannot be resolved as a distinct object.
Therefore, under a standard light microscope, what you would see would be aggregates, bundles, or dense regions of multiple fibrils - not an isolated, singular fibril.
Wikipedia says: "Fibrils (from Latin fibra) are structural biological materials found in nearly all living organisms. Not to be confused with fibers or filaments, fibrils tend to have diameters ranging from 10 to 100 nanometers (whereas fibers are micro to milli-scale structures and filaments have diameters approximately 10-50 nanometers in size)." [https://
McCairn's defense was that the calamari clots were a novel phenomenon that required a novel vernacular, so it was acceptable for him to use the word "fibril" in an unconventional sense. He told me: "Trying to use old vernacular to a new blood prion disorder will lead the spergs like you to blow a fuse, but you'll just have to put up with it."
Then McCairn said this about the clots: "Nothing @henjin is sore that there have been multiple replications of the same phenomena and that they satisfy the metrics required to call them amyloidogenic peptides." But I replied: "You mean the fibrin or other proteins in the clots contain segments that act as amyloidogenic peptides? It wouldn't make sense to say that the clots themselves are amyloidogenic peptides." And I pointed out that ChatGPT said:
Strictly speaking, no, it is not accurate to say that fibrin clots themselves are amyloidogenic peptides. Here is the proper interpretation:
A peptide refers to a small chain of amino acids, typically much shorter than full proteins.
Fibrin is a full-length, large polymeric protein (~340 kDa before cleavage), not a small peptide.
A fibrin clot is a macroscopic network formed by polymerized fibrin monomers, often extending hundreds of micrometers across - not a single molecular entity or a simple peptide.
Thus:
A fibrin clot is not itself a peptide. It is a supramolecular structure made of many fibrin molecules.
Amyloidogenic peptides are smaller fragments or sequences capable of forming amyloid fibrils on their own.
In pathological conditions, portions of the fibrin molecule become amyloidogenic - but the entire clot should be referred to as an amyloid-rich structure or amyloid-like fibrin network, not as a "peptide."
Accurate phrasing would be:
"Fibrin clots can adopt amyloid-like structures."
"Amyloid fibrin contains amyloidogenic regions within the fibrin protein."
"Pathological fibrin clots exhibit amyloid features."
Then McCairn just said that "we are dealing with a novel phenomenon, and as such the current repertoire of nomenclature does not fit well". But he wasn't willing to admit that he used the wrong terminology.
Earlier I had also called him out for saying that fibrin was a peptide, even though a peptide is a short chain of about 2-50 amino acids, but fibrin is a polymerized protein product of fibrinogen, and each fibrinogen unit in turn is made up of 6 proteins that each have a length of about 400-600 amino acids. McCairn's response was that "You should also be reminded that the vernacular peptide and protein are interchangeable." But I pointed out that ChatGPT said:
No, it would not really be correct - even in casual speech - to call fibrin a peptide.
Here's why:
- Fibrin is very large - it's made by polymerizing fibrinogen, which itself is almost 3000 amino acids long.
- Even a single fibrin monomer (before polymerization) is way too big to be called a "peptide."
- Peptides usually refer to short chains - dozens, or maybe a few hundred amino acids at most.
Calling fibrin a peptide would sound wrong to most people familiar with biology, even casually. It's much better (and more natural) to call fibrin a:
- Protein, or
- Polymerized protein, or
- Fibrillar protein, depending on context.
If McCairn sees a random fiber under a microscope, he says the fiber is an amyloid fibril, in the same way that Ana Mihalcea would say that the same fiber is a Morgellons filament or a carbon nanotube, and Mike Adams would say that the fiber is a reptilian nanowire interface structure.
Mr. Micronicle's website used to be called "Zero Infinity One Network", which he said was "a reference to the esoteric sense of what mount Zion represents in esoteric terms": [https://
His Telegram channel was called "ZIO.NETWORK". [https://
Added in 2026: Greg's AI now told him that "fibril-like peptides" had been found in the laboratory, so the AI managed to combine McCairn's incorrect uses of both the words "fibril" and "peptide" into a single term: [https://
In the thread below, Richard Hirschman quoted a tweet by McCairn's naval intelligence cheerleader RexesRule, who posted McCairn's SEM image of one of Hirschman's clots. Hirschman said the image showed amyloid fibrin, but a biologist called Ian Musgrave said it was not correct: [https://
In a stream McCairn did about the SEM images, he showed this image:
And he said: "When you go down to 5,000 times, what you see here - and it's only because unfamiliar with looking at these structures, that this was a standout abnormal to me, right - there are very clear nodular forms on these peptides, ok. I don't know if you can see that, right, so my cursor is here, right, like this will stick out. And if we look at this primary branch here, what you see is - fibrin should be a long smooth rope-like peptide that essentially just overlays itself to form the network around which platelets and other tissues that form a clot - can aggregate, ok. Here what you're looking at is a - and so, you're looking at very abnormal structural properties that are standout to someone who's familiar with looking at peptides in and of themselves, ok. And those are these nodular forms, and also - what I would point out to people is that - pay attention to this thicker filament, right, and um, in biology, often what you see - and that's not the best example that I can give for people to think about - is often when you look at a tree, a tree, as you look at the trunk has a sort of twisting effect to it, right. It sort of starts at the roots, and it sort of has a rotation to it, as it goes up to form the branch area of the tree. But the trunk often, if you pay attention to it, you'll see it has a rotation to it. And generally in biology, I would say it's a right-hand rotation, it's the right hand rule of thumb, and you can get into all sorts of metaphysics around electrodynamics and what that - how that relates to the body. But in this instance, what you're seeing is that you're seeing a faster twist - so rotations per unit of distance - than you would expect to see in normal healthy tissue." [https://
He kept saying that fibrin was a peptide, even though fibrin is not a peptide but a protein. Peptides are short chains of about 50 or fewer amino acids.
The reason why he said that a twisted shape was somehow characteristic of misfolded fibrin might be because earlier he claimed a similar shape was characteristic of microclots made of misfolded fibrin, even though the twisted fibers he showed under a microscope were likely not even made of fibrin, but they were probably textile fibers or cellulose fibers that he misidentified as fibrin. But the so-called "primary branch" in his image has an irregular shape which looks like it might possibly be due to similar lengthwise twists, even though it's not clear if that's the case or not:
The fibers McCairn showed earlier were about 10-30 µm wide, but his so-called "primary" branch is only about 2 µm wide. McCairn has not presented good evidence that a twisted shape would be a characteristic of structures made out of misfolded fibrin, or that the twisted shape would occur in different types of structures with diameters at different orders of magnitude.
McCairn also showed the images below of the same sample at 250x and 1000x magnification (edited later to take higher-quality images from McCairn's Substack post): [https://
The GIF files below show the 1000x image overlaid with the 250x image, and the 5000x image overlaid with the 1000x image. The 5000x image doesn't have a much higher level of detail than the 1000x image:
Below McCairn's 5000x image is shown next to an SEM image of a regular fibrin clot at 5000x magnification. [https://
A typical diameter for a fiber of fibrin is about 0.1 µm: [https://
When I tried to find SEM images of fibrin clots that resembled McCairn's image, so that had they wide branches with an irregular structure, I found the image below. Image A shows regular spaghetti-like strands of fibrin that have a fairly uniform diameter of about 0.1 µm. But in image B where fibrin was clotted in the presence of the lipid DPPC, the fibrin formed wide irregularly shaped structures, so some branches of the structure have a diameter above 1 µm like in McCairn's image. Image B was described like this: "In contrast, in the DPPC MLV suspension the heterogeneous large-pore gels are formed with thin branched fibers and lipid particles incorporated into the gel structure (Figure 1, B). The images reveal many free fiber terminations. Fibers appeared to be highly adhesive forming dense mats and tight bundles." DPPC is a lipid, and MLV means multilamellar vesicle which is a type of liposome, so the balls circled in image B are balls of lipid: [https://
I also found a paper where fibrin clots were created in the presence of a fibrinolytic compound, which resulted in the formation of wide strands with a diameter of about 0.5 to 3 µm: [https://
The branches in McCairn's image had a diameter of about 0.2 to 3 µm. ChatGPT said that fibrin structures with a diameter on the micrometer level are unlikely to consist of individual fibrin fibers, but rather bundles of multiple fibrin fibers glued together:
Under normal physiological conditions, fibrin fibers (the building blocks of a blood clot) have diameters typically in the range of 50 to 200 nanometers (nm), sometimes up to 500 nm. So 0.05-0.5 µm is usual.
However, under abnormal or pathological conditions, fibrin fibers can become thicker, but usually not to the extent of 1 µm, and very rarely close to 10 µm as single fibers.
[...]
Bundles of fibers can easily be 1-10 µm in diameter - but those are multiple fibers glued together, not single fibrin polymers.
Single fibrin fibers, even under weird conditions, very rarely cross the 1 µm diameter threshold.
However later ChatGPT said that even fibers of fibrin with a diameter over 1 µm might not necessarily consist of multiple narrower fibers glued together, but wide fibers might also be formed due to a greater degree of lateral aggregation in the stage where the protofibrils form into fibrils:
Thick fibrin fibers with diameters over 1 micrometer generally form through a similar basic polymerization process as regular thin fibers (around 0.1 micrometer), but there are important differences in how they become thick.
Both thick and thin fibrin fibers start with the same initial steps: thrombin cleaves fibrinogen to create fibrin monomers, which then align end-to-end to form protofibrils, and protofibrils laterally aggregate to form fibrils. In thinner fibers, this lateral aggregation is moderate - a few protofibrils come together to form a fibril, and those fibrils form relatively fine fibers.
For thicker fibers, the key difference is that more extensive lateral association occurs. Multiple protofibrils aggregate side-by-side more completely, and sometimes additional bundling happens between already-formed fibrils. There is evidence that under certain conditions - such as low fibrinogen concentration, low ionic strength, or altered thrombin activity - multiple narrow fibers can clump together after initial formation, effectively fusing into wider fibers.
Thus, thick fibers (>1 µm diameter) can result from both mechanisms:
More extensive lateral aggregation during initial assembly, leading to inherently thicker fibers.
Post-assembly bundling or merging of multiple narrower fibers.
If indeed McCairn's image does even show a clot that is made of fibrin, then I don't know if the thickest branches in his image are bundles of multiple strands of fibrin joined together, or if they are just single wide fibers of fibrin. McCairn said that his image showed misfolded fibrin because the branches had an irregular and twisted shape, and the branches didn't look like smooth spaghetti like regular fibrin. But maybe the irregular shape was if the branches were made up of bundles of fibrin and not individual strands of fibrin. (And the clumping of the strands may have been if for example the fibrin structure formed in the presence of a lipid or a fibrinolytic compound, and not necessarily because the fibrin was misfolded.)
When I asked McCairn on Discord why his SEM image had such a poor level of detail, he said: "The difference in detail comes from using a graphene base vs glass slide, and other factors, backscatter acquisition from surface or combined." When I asked why he couldn't use a graphene base, he said: "I use glass to be able run Raman on the same sample."
He also posted another similarly blurry SEM image at a 5000-fold magnification level (but it does seem to be a real SEM image judging from the EXIF metadata, which even includes the serial number of the Hitachi TM4000 instrument):
I initially questioned if McCairn's images were really even taken with an SEM, because McCairn made it seem like he had bought his own SEM instrument, which would've seemed like an unnecessarily expensive purchase, but I didn't see an SEM in his lab in his videos, so I questioned if he had actually bought an SEM. For example in a video where he showed his SEM images, he showed a photo of the Hitachi TM4000 SEM, and he said: "It costs serious money to go and get this type of data, ok. The machine you're looking at there is hundreds of thousands of dollars." [https://
But McCairn told me on his Discord that he didn't end up buying his own SEM instrument, but he visited a lab in Japan to do the SEM and Raman analysis, and he linked to an old video where he visited the same lab and used the Hitachi TM4000 microscope. [https://
Hirschman also said: "We've got now Kevin McCairn who's done this work. It costs lots of money. This equipment that he uses costs hundreds of thousands of dollars. It's not like you can just walk up somewhere and have this work done." [https://
One of McCairn's followers went around asking billionaires to donate money to McCairn, because he said McCairn "LITERALLY JUST NEEDS A FEW HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS IN EQUIPMENT AND COULD SAVE EVERYONE FROM DYING HORRIBLY": [https://
In 2021 Jane Ruby said that an electron microscope image of COVID vaccines looked similar to graphene oxide, which she presented as evidence that COVID vaccines contained graphene oxide. It's reminiscent of McCairn's operation of taking SEM images of the clots: [https://
McCairn claimed that the image below showed a fibril he found from the blood of Lyndsey House. He said "this long strand here is an abnormal fibril from a known vaccine injured patient": [https://
I think he is using the term "fibril" wrong, because ChatGPT said:
The term "fibril" is typically used in biology and materials science to refer to very fine fibers, often in the nanometer to low micrometer scale (usually less than 1 µm in diameter). For example:
Amyloid fibrils are generally 5-15 nanometers in diameter.
Collagen fibrils are typically 50-500 nanometers in diameter.
The structure shown in the image, with a diameter in the range of 10-20 micrometers (µm), would more accurately be described as a fiber or filament rather than a "fibril." A 10-20 µm diameter is quite large for something labeled as a "fibril" in the conventional biological context.
The same image was featured on a page of McCairn's website where he advertised his services for detecting abnormal fibrils. But the text next to the image looked like an AI was asked to describe what was shown in the image, which inspires great confidence in his skill in analyzing abnormal fibrils: [https://
McCairn said that the text was generated with AI by Chris France who made the website. But McCairn used to advertise his fibril detection services on almost every stream, and he actually managed to trick several people into paying him to look for fibrils in their blood, and his followers went around asking billionaires to donate money to him so he could improve his fibril detection scheme, so why didn't he even bother to write the text on his website himself?
The next image shows the same fiber as the previous image, but under a UV light, where the UV light excites the object to emit visible light through fluorescence. In fluorescence microscopy the camera captures only the intensity of the emitted light but not the hue, but the green tint used in the image is arbitrary, and the image might as well be displayed in grayscale or with some other tint. On his website McCairn described the fiber as a "fibril", even though in one of his presentation where he showed a version of the image with a scale bar, the fiber was shown to have a diameter of about 15 µm: [https://
The fiber in the image above has a fold that runs along the middle lengthwise. When I asked McCairn on his Discord what the fold was, he said: "And the fold running length wise is indicative of it being a coherent structure, that is one of the reasons why fibril is a fair description of the phenomenon. Again this is you running into the axiom of those that can and those that can't. This is a highly unusual amyloidogenic form." And when I said the structure was too big to be called a fibril, he said: "And one could say fibrillar forms, but fibrils is good enough at this stage, again because of the extremely large size differential between normal amyloids and these unusual fibrin amyloids." Then I asked someone else: "How do you even know that the structures shown by McCairn and Micronicle are fibrin clots? I think fibrin clots wouldn't have the kind of lengthwise fold in the middle as McCairn's green mystery fibril." But McCairn replied: "This objection to raw data comes from your years of extensive lab experience working with amyloids, I presume?" He also seemed to suggest that the mystery fiber he showed on his website was the same type of structure as the fiber in Mr. Micronicle's image (even though Mr. Micronicle's fiber didn't have a lengthwise fold running along the middle, and it didn't look as flat as the fiber on McCairn's website).
But anyway, are there even mini calamari clots that float freely in human blood, and that have a diameter of about 10-30 micrometers and a length of hundreds of micrometers?
The purpose of fibers of fibrin is to form a web that captures red blood cells, so then the tangled mess of fibrin and blood cells form a clot that blocks a punctured blood vessel. The reason why large clots have elongated shape is because they conform to the shape of a blood vessel, like if some entangled sticky mess was poured through a tube and the tube got clogged.
But if there's a micrometer-scale clot of fibrin that floats freely in the blood, why would it have an elongated shape? Did the clot form inside a small blood vessel and then get dislodged?
ChatGPT said:
1. Fibrin Clot Structure In Situ
Fibrin forms a mesh or network of thin fibers during clot formation, creating a gel-like matrix that stabilizes platelets and red blood cells.
This structure is highly entangled and irregular, not a single, uniform fiber.
2. Shape of Freely Moving Clots (Emboli)
When parts of a fibrin-rich thrombus dislodge and enter circulation, they become emboli.
The shape of these emboli depends on:
Origin: Venous thrombi are often elongated or serpentine, as they form in the low-shear environment of veins.
Mechanical deformation: They may elongate as they pass through blood vessels.
However, emboli are generally amorphous, irregular, or elongated masses, not slender, fiber-like threads.
3. Fiber-like Structures?
While fibrin fibers themselves are nanoscale or microscale strands, a free-floating clot is a bulk mass of these fibers entangled with cells and plasma proteins.
You will not see individual fibers moving freely in the bloodstream in vivo.
I asked McCairn that if the fiber in his microscope image formed inside a small blood vessel and then got dislodged, then why is it flat, and why does it have the lengthwise fold in the middle. He came up with this weak answer: "Good question why does this diseased protein have the form it does, it should be noted it's not the only form there are irregular & spheroid forms. I think it comes down to location of formation, nature of the underlying nano-scale fibril geometry, the species of protein, fibrinogen which makes long linear forms. Again we are in a process of discovery and relying on orthodox frameworks you constrain yourself to being able to competently describe it. But it's a common form, even described in the published literature." But I didn't find any paper in the medical literature that would've described fibrin clots as having a flat ribbon-like shape with a lengthwise fold running along the middle.
When I asked why McCairn's fiber has the lengthwise fold, ChatGPT said the fiber might be a fiber of cellulose where the hollow lumen in the middle has collapsed:
A lengthwise fold or groove is not characteristic of fibrin or amyloid aggregates. Instead, it is a well-known feature of certain textile or environmental fibers:
Cotton fibers: Typically ribbon-like, twisted, and often show central folds or convolutions due to the collapse of the hollow lumen inside the natural fiber.
Cellulose fibers (like paper fibers or lint): Also tend to flatten and develop longitudinal folds.
Synthetic fibers: Usually round or oval in cross-section, smooth, and don't typically have the central fold unless manufactured with a special cross-section.
Based on the ribbon shape, width (tens of micrometers), and the longitudinal fold, this looks much more consistent with a collapsed plant-derived cellulose fiber (e.g., cotton lint) rather than any protein fibril or clot material.
Added later: I now found the stream where McCairn originally presented the microscope images of the fiber. [https://
At time 2:23:18 McCairn showed the fiber in UV mode and said: "That whole structure is fluorescing green. That tells me that it's highly likely that we're looking at an amyloid structure in the patient's sample." However he only showed the fiber after he had applied the ThT but not before it, so you couldn't see if the fiber was already autofluorescent without the ThT.
From the stream you can see that the end of the fiber has a torn appearance, which doesn't seem like characteristic of a fibrin clot:
You could also see that the diameter of the fiber tapers out towards the other end:
Next McCairn compared Lyndsey's blood to a sample of his own blood, where some regions of the slide was stained with ThT but others were not, so while he was panning around the slide, it was not always clear if he was looking at the stained region or not.
His slide contained this fiber that was fluorescent, even though I don't know if it was because of the ThT staining or not: [2:46:27]
His slide contained this structure that was fluorescent but that was not in plane with the rest of the sample, so McCairn said it's probably dust: [3:03:02]
His slide contained this fluorescent fiber, which was not in plane with the rest of the sample, so after he had focused the microscope on the fiber, he had to refocus the microscope to get the main part of the plane in focus, and McCairn said the fiber may have been dust: [3:07:14]
Next he showed this fluorescent fiber, which unlike the previous fiber was approximately in plane with the rest of the sample: [3:09:38]
At time 3:16:19 when McCairn instructed his followers on how to send a blood sample to him, he said "don't put a cover slip on it, air dry it overnight" (but he didn't mention that would make it likely that dust would land on the slide while the blood was drying).
At time 3:17:23 he said: "I want to see how often I can find these structures, that are in plane with the blood, have a filamentous and helical stucture to them, and fluoresce." Some of the fibers that McCairn said were likely dust fulfilled 2 of his 4 criteria, because they fluoresced and had a filamentous structure. By "helical structure", he likely meant the kind of lengthwise twists that are called convolutions in cotton, so cotton fibers might easily fulfill at least 3 of his 4 criteria, even though if a cotton fiber from dust fell on the sample of blood after the blood already dried, I don't know if the fiber would be in plane with the blood so that the fiber would fulfill the 4th criterion.
McCairn published his second Substack post in May 2025. [https://
The post may have been partially generated by AI, because a heading before a list was formatted as Markdown. Substack doesn't even support Markdown, but some AI utilities add Markdown formatting to copied text:
McCairn's post has the air of cheap propaganda because of the emphasis on harm done to babies. A common trope among morticians in alt media is that they have a dramatic story to tell about dead babies, like how the British funeral director Wesley said that there was about ten times the normal number of babies dying, so the fridges were packed full of dead babies. [https://
The focus of McCairn's post was on scary microscope images, which is reminiscent of content by the Quinta Columna and the Stew Peters crowd. ChatGPT said that McCairn's post "strongly resembles pseudoscientific or hoax material, exploiting scientific-sounding language and visual data without meeting the necessary standards of scientific proof".
In his post McCairn presented the images below, which both show the same fiber that he supposedly found in the 3-year-old's blood. The bottom image was taken under a UV light, where the UV light stimulates the Thioflavin T to emit visible light in the blue-green range. The microscope captures only the intensity of the light but not the color, so the green tint employed in the image is arbitrary. The bottom image shows that the fiber was fluorescent under a UV light even before McCairn had applied Thioflavin T on the sample, so McCairn said that the fiber was autofluorescent:
He also showed images of a second similar fiber, and he described the fibers as "autofluorescent fibrillar structures" and "UV-reactive fibrillar microclots" and "amyloidogenic fibrin microclots".
However just because McCairn's fibers are fluorescent under UV light doesn't mean that they are "amyloidogenic fibrin clots", but they might for example be fibers of cotton, because in the same way that a white t-shirt is fluorescent under UV light, fibers of cotton that have been bleached white are also fluorescent under UV light. (Based on the scale bar in the two images above, the fiber appears to have a diameter of about 5 µm, but later it turned out that the scale bar was incorrect and the diameter was actually about 15 µm, which fits within the typical range of diameter for fibers of cotton, which is around 12-25 µm.)
One of Greg Harrison's AI-generated documents had similar Markdown bold formatting as McCairn's post. [https://
McCairn told me that his post was an AI-generated summary, and that he left "the markdown in for transparency". But I don't buy his excuse, because the Markdown formatting was not even a clear sign that his post was generated by AI, and he could've been much more transparent by explicitly writing that his post was an AI-generated summary.
The Markdown formatting appeared in the heading of a list titled "Clinical Case Summary", so at first I thought McCairn meant that only the list was generated by AI based on the rest of the post, and therefore I was wondering why the list mentioned details that were missing from the rest of the post. But McCairn clarified that he meant that the entire post was an AI summary based on a longer original article: [https://
McCairn supposedly does his blood analysis using slides of blood that he receives in the mail from his followers, even though it's not clear if that's how he received the sample of blood of the 3-year-old. I pointed out that if mini calamari clots are so common that he frequently finds them in small random samples of blood, there should be vast fleets of mini calamari clots swimming around in the bloodstream of people. But he refused to even answer me what volume of blood he analyzed: [https://
A Twitter user called Markus pointed out that McCairn said one of his microscope images was taken at a 4-fold magnification, but the scale bar seemed to indicate that the image was taken at a much higher magnification level: [https://
ChatGPT said that typically "the field of view (FOV) for a 4x objective on a standard microscope with a 10x eyepiece is around 4-5 mm (4000-5000 µm)", but based on McCairn's scale bar, the area shown in his image was only about 550 µm wide, which is only about 12% of the typical FOV:
But McCairn said he didn't even use an eyepiece, so the FOV at 4x magnification should be about 40-50 mm, which means that the visible width of his image is only about 1.2% of a typical FOV.
When I asked ChatGPT if an eyepiece can go up to 100x, it said 100x eyepieces are extremely rare and not practical for most applications, and typically eyepieces only go up to about 15x or 20x magnification. When I asked what could explain McCairn's narrow FOV if the image was taken without an eyepiece, ChatGPT wasn't able to give any reasonable explanation. But it did say it was possible that the scale bar was wrong or the magnification level was reported incorrectly.
McCairn replied to me: "The field of view is not 0.5mm you cretin, the scale bar shows the pixels derived from the camera using a calibration slide placed on the slide holder. you are looking at an amyloidogenic fibril that is 100's of micrometers in length and the scale bar in red shows 50 micrometers not 0.5mm you moron". [https://
In the last tweet I quoted above, McCairn referred to an SEM image of the 3-year-old's fiber that he had now posted on Substack. His SEM image was taken at 40-fold magnification, but the object in the image now took up about 50% of the FOV: [https://
So why did the same object take up about 75% of the FOV in the other image that was supposedly taken at 4-fold magnification?
The object in the new SEM image is about 731 pixels wide, and the 1 mm scale bar is about 460 pixels wide, so the width of the area covered by the object is about 1.59 mm. But in the earlier optical microscope image, the width of the area covered by the object was only about 0.38 mm based on the scale bar.
Jikkyleaks asked: "Kevin are your scales correct on the SEM pic? In the first picture it looks like that fibril is about 500micrometres long, but the SEM scale is marked in millimetres." [https://
But anyway, I still didn't have an answer to why the old microscope image had a FOV of only about 0.55 mm, even though the image was supposedly taken at 4-fold magnification. So I asked McCairn: "So was your 4x image cropped or not? If so then what percentage of the width of the original image did the cropped image show? It's probably not nearly enough to explain why the FOV was only about 0.55 mm even though a typical FOV at 4x magnification would be about 40-50 mm." [https://
McCairn seems to routinely screw up the scale bars in his microscope images. In this image the scale bar is shown to be 10 µm wide, even though it's about 13 red blood cells wide, and red blood cells have a diameter of about 7 µm, which means that the scale bar is really somewhere around 90 µm wide: [https://
McCairn responded "Yes the scale bar is wrong it should say 50 micrometers, the 10 micrometers is a holdover from a scene done for more detailed analysis for an individual who wanted their blood looked at." [https://
I have joined Kevin McCairn's Discord server multiple times since 2020, and I was even made into a moderator on the server at one point, but I have usually left the server after a while because it had a very low quality of posts. McCairn banned me from the server in May 2025, because I said that the calamari clots were fake and he was probably controlled opposition.
Since his early videos in 2020, McCairn has said that he got COVID from the Korean superspreader event in Daegu, and that he had severe neurological symptoms, which was a reason why he knew that COVID had a neurotropic effect and he decided to focus on researching the neurological aspects of COVID.
However the problem with his story is that the Korean superspreader event occurred in February 2020, but McCairn says that he was in Daegu from late November into December 2019. I hadn't seen anyone call him out for his claim until I brought it up on his Discord:
I used to think McCairn probably had some other illness but he mistook it for COVID, but after I found out how there's also many other people in alt media who claim that they were among the first people in their country who got COVID, I started to think it's possible that he just made up the whole story about having COVID.
It also seemed like an unlikely coincidence that McCairn was an early YouTube streamer who was focused on COVID, but he also happened to be at the right place at the right time to get infected with COVID very early on. Often if a fabulist invents an embellished biography for themselves, they insert themselves in various locations around the world at a time when some event of historical importance happens to occur at the location. But the Korean superspreader event was probably the best-known event that occurred in Korea in the entire year of 2020.
In the unlikely scenario where McCairn actually got COVID in November or December 2019, he might have been the first person with COVID in Japan, because he claims that he was still sick with COVID after he returned home to Japan in December 2019.
In the screenshot above, I pointed out how on January 28th 2020 UTC, Steve Pieczenik claimed that a month ago he had the first case of COVID in the United States, and he got COVID after he met with a Chinese student from Wuhan (because I guess he didn't count the student as an earlier case of COVID). [https://
I don't know if McCairn actually even visited Daegu in 2019 like he claims, but in one video he also said: "I got hit by the biggest superspreader event in Asia, right early on, in November to December." [https://
McCairn's American sidekick Charles Rixey also claims that he got COVID at a time when there were only a few reported COVID cases in the US: [https://
Added later: I didn't find the early videos on McCairn's YouTube channel archived anywhere, because his first channel was deleted fairly early on, and his videos were not even archived by AltCensored. But these were McCairn's earliest videos about COVID I found that were still available online:
I listened to a couple of the videos above, and I searched through the transcripts of a few more videos, but McCairn only said he may have gotten COVID in Daegu in one of the videos, which was a video he did with Addy Adds in March 2020. In the video McCairn said: "And, uh, where I had my lab, which was in South Korea in a city called Daegu, they'd asked me to sort of come and give a, uh, to help them in a project they were doing. And that time was October, no, sorry, November - I want to say it was November into December, but late November, right. And at that time, um, I came back, and over the Christmas period, I got really, really ill, right. And, um, it's sort of left - like the fever I was delirious, so I can't - and again, so I get memory issues because of the head injury. And so apparently when I was in the fever bit, I was coming downstairs and thinking days had passed. And, uh, it, it wasn't, you know, and it took me a week to sort of get over that. And then I was left just, um, with, it's called dyspnea where you can't really breathe." [https://
I have pointed out to McCairn that individual fibrils of fibrin have a string-like shape because their purpose is to form a web that traps red blood cells. And large blood clots have an elongated shape because they conform to the shape of blood vessels. But that doesn't mean that if there is an intermediate-scale formation of fibrin that floats freely in the blood, like the microclots McCairn supposedly keeps finding in his blood samples, the formation would also have an elongated string-like shape, unless for example the formation first develops inside a small blood vessel and then get dislodged from the vessel.
In McCairn's first Substack post about the 3-year-old's fiber, he didn't attempt to explain why the fiber would have an elongated shape if it was a fibrin clot like he claimed. But now in his second post about the fiber, McCairn provided the following explanation for why the fiber had a string-like shape: [https://
These comparisons between nano- and macro-structures highlight the conserved geometry of pathological amyloidogenesis. This scale-invariant preservation of fibrillar architecture aligns with prior biophysical studies demonstrating that amyloid formation follows universal thermodynamic pathways, forming twisted ribbon-like or lamellar structures irrespective of protein species or environmental origin (Chiti &
Dobson, ; Eisenberg &2017 Sawaya, ). The similarity across scales - from nanometer-thick fibrils to centimeter-scale clots - suggests a deeply encoded biophysical template likely seeded by persistent amyloidogenic peptides, such as SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.2017
However I'm not convinced by McCairn's explanation, and I didn't find any part of the two papers he cited that actually backed up what he wrote, or that would've explained why amyloid formations on the micrometer scale would have a string-like shape.
When I asked ChatGPT to describe the shape of micrometer-scale amyloid formations in the human body, it gave me the following list:
1. Aβ (Alzheimer's)
- Shape: Dense plaques (spherical, irregular, starburst)
- Size: 20-200 µm
- Location: Extracellular (brain cortex, hippocampus)
2. Tau (Alzheimer's, FTD)
- Shape: Neurofibrillary tangles (flame-shaped, globose)
- Size: 10-50 µm
- Location: Intracellular (neurons, dendrites)
3. α-Synuclein (Parkinson's, LBD)
- Shape: Lewy bodies (round with halo), neuritic threads
- Size: 10-25 µm
- Location: Intracellular (neuronal soma, axons)
4. Transthyretin (TTR, Amyloidosis)
- Shape: Linear, patchy, or amorphous deposits
- Size: 10-100 µm
- Location: Extracellular (heart, nerves, GI tract)
5. Light Chains (AL Amyloidosis)
- Shape: Nodular, perivascular linear deposits
- Size: 20-200 µm
- Location: Extracellular (kidneys, heart, tongue)
6. IAPP / Amylin (Type 2 Diabetes)
- Shape: Sheet-like or intercellular ribbon deposits
- Size: 10-50 µm
- Location: Extracellular (pancreatic islets)
7. Serum AA (Systemic Amyloidosis)
- Shape: Diffuse, collagen-bound linear aggregates
- Size: 10-100 µm
- Location: Extracellular (liver, spleen, kidneys)
8. Fibrin-Amyloid (Microclots, Long COVID)
- Shape: String-like, thread or net-like filaments
- Size: 50-500 µm
- Location: Circulating blood, capillaries, microvessels
ChatGPT said that IAPP/amylin forms "sheet-like or intercellular ribbon deposits", but IAPP doesn't quality as a formation with a diameter on the micrometer-scale, because ribbons of IAPP typically have a diameter of about 10-15 nanometers. Out of the 8 types of formations listed by ChatGPT, only the microclots associated with COVID had both a string-like shape and a micrometer-scale diameter. But I couldn't get ChatGPT to cite any source which said that microclots clots associated with COVID actually had a string-like shape, so ChatGPT may have been influenced by McCairn's Substack post which I had shown to it earlier.
I asked McCairn: "Is there some specific part of the papers you cited which says that formations amyloid protein have a tendency to form into a ribbon-like shape in the micrometer scale?" [https://
Here we go again, you are not looking at the canonical amyloidogenic form, merely based on the size of the aggregations .
How many times do I have to tell you this? That is why I as the domain level expert uses the language as I see fit.
Especially when it reacts to all the diagnostic measurements used to detect amyloids.
ThT Fluorescence, SEM structural characteristics, RT-QuIC reactivity, Raman Spectra confirmation.
I replied: "You suggested amyloid structures have a 'scale-invariant preservation of fibrillar architecture' so they have a tendency to form into a ribbon-like shape on the micro-scale, and you cited two papers from 2017. Which part of the papers supports your point?" But he didn't answer me.
A paper by Pretorius and Kell featured the images of microclots below, which had a globular or blob-like shape, but they didn't look anything like the fibers that McCairn finds under a microscope: [https://
I asked Douglas Kell if his group had seen the kind of fiber-like microclots that were shown in McCairn's Substack post, but he just replied "these experiments are quite different so comparisons are not usefully made". [https://
Then McCairn wrote: [https://
In the experiments conducted by @dbkell and colleagues, the whole blood is spun in a centrifuge, larger aggregates would be pulled to the bottom of the tube.
Spinning and looking at the plasma phase would leave the smaller amyloidogenic seeds in the plasma phase. This allows automated sorting through techniques like flow cytometry. This is a better approach for batch processing, you will miss the larger aggregations due to centripetal forces being greater on larger amyloidogenic forms.
Slide analysis is much slower, requires someone with trained eyes, is labor intensive, and requires the follow on tests of ThT staining, SEM/EDX, Raman Spec, for categorization.
However if vaccinated people are now suffering from a novel pathology where their blood is full of clots that look like textile fibers, then is there anyone except McCairn who has published an image of one of the clots? I didn't find any similar images of clots published by Pretorius and Kell. Similar images of fibers in blood have been presented by Ana Mihalcea, Shimon Yanowitz, David Nixon, people at Burkhardt's pathology conference, and Mr. Micronicle, but as far as I know, none of those people claimed that the fibers were clots made of fibrin.
Mihalcea said that in her microscope images of blood, a web-like structure was fibrin, and blobs within the web were fibrin microclots, but a larger isolated fiber was a "hydrogel/graphene ribbon": [https://
(Added in 2026: I now found one Substack post where Mihalcea said that a fiber with a diameter of about 30 µm was a fibrous rubbery clot "in early stages". [https://
Added in June 2025: I now asked McCairn again that when he cited the two papers from 2017, what part of the papers supported his claim that aggregates of amyloid protein tend to organize into a ribbon-like shape on the micrometer scale. [https://
These β-structured oligomers are able to grow further by self-association or through the addition of monomers, often with further and sometimes dramatic structural reorganizations, to form well-defined fibrils with cross-β structure and a high level of structural order (Figure 1). Alternatively, the disordered aggregates or native-like aggregates can grow without any major structural conversion and give rise to large amorphous deposits or native-like assemblies, respectively, retaining the structure characterizing the initial oligomers (Figure 1).
Such large aggregates, including amyloid, amorphous, or native-like assemblies, have links with human disease as they accumulate in well-defined pathological states. Tables 1 and 2 list the proteins and the disorders that have now been identified to be associated with the formation of amyloid fibrils or other types of aggregates, respectively. (Supplemental Tables 1 and 2 also list, for each protein, references reporting the identification of the protein in the aggregates and the characteristics of the aggregate type.) We have arranged both tables in terms of proteins rather than disorders to stress the fact that many of these proteins have been found to be involved in a variety of pathological conditions. Interestingly, immunoglobulins or their subunits are found in all the different types of protein aggregates, including amyloid (as in light-chain amyloidosis), amorphous (as in light-chain deposition disease), and native-like (as in Berger disease) structures, thus representing a remarkable manifestation of the multiplicity of pathways existing in protein aggregation and of the structures and morphologies that can be generated (24-26). Those proteins that form intracellular inclusions of types that are still debated, such as TDP-43 and p53, are included in Table 2 with a footnote explaining this uncertainty.
But I pointed out that Figure 1 illustrated typical nano-scale amyloid fibrils, and not micrometer-scale amyloid formations. And in Supplemental Table 1, the shape of various types of amyloid structures was characterized as "intrinsically disordered":
Then McCairn replied:
You're so retarded! This particular amyloid, is novel and not listed because you're looking at science being done in real time.
The principles of misfolding though, are likely the mechanism leading to the macroform and of course the species of protein undergoing change. Fibrin is inherently primed to make macromolecular structures, hence the amyloidogenic form is going to be larger.
Which is why I have gone to the effort of showing concordant structure across scales.
So I told him: "Post-COVID clots are not relevant to my question. You cited two pre-COVID papers to support a claim that amyloid aggregates have 'scale-invariant preservation of fibrillar architecture' and they form 'twisted ribbon-like or lamellar structures irrespective of protein species'." And McCairn replied: "That's because there is no post-COVID manuscripts showing the phenomenon, in the manner that I have, you're looking at it being made right now, and disseminated to the public. It is usual in scientific writing to point to key historical citations that demonstrate concordance within hypothetical frameworks." But he still didn't answer my question, so I told him: "We already know you claim that baby calamari clots have a tendency to form into a ribbon-like shape on the micrometer scale. The question was which part of the sources you cited supports the claim that the same applies to other types of amyloid formations."
But then McCairn said "there is a coherency in the epistemological grounding of the amyloid PRION formation", so I told him that it sounded like great pseudo-profound bullshit, because the pseudo-profound bullshitters are always talking about epistemology: [https://
DopplerEffect93 is a user on Twitter who has a PhD degree in neuroscience, and who worked on a postdoctoral project that involved analysis of amyloid fibrils: [https://
He said that the string-like object in McCairn's microscope image was too big to be an aggregate of amyloid protein, and the object looked like dust or debris. McCairn cited a paper by Pretorius and Kell which said that "the fibrinaloid microclots that we observe are typically in the range 1-200 µm on their longest axis": [https://
However the text he quoted referred to this figure, which showed that the microclots described by Pretorius and Kell did not have a string-like shape:
Added in June 2025: CHD posted a video where Suzanne Humphries said that when she looked at the contents of a vaccine vial under a microscope, she saw structures that looked like circles and squares, and they transformed into structures that looked like circuit boards: [https://
Under replies to the tweet, some random users posted about microscope images that they apparently thought were related to the discovery by Humphries. They included images of a chip-like structure shown by people in Burkhardt's pathology conference, graphene disks found by Zandre Botha, and the amyloid fibril that McCairn supposedly found in the blood of the 3-year-old (but a common denominator between Burkhardt, Botha, and McCairn is that they have all presented a laboratory analysis of the calamari clots):
The tweet about McCairn's amyloid fibril was posted by a user called PinkBeachGirl1, which looks like a bot. It has posted almost 200,000 tweets: [https://
Added in June 2025: McCairn now did a stream where he looked at the contents of a Moderna vaccine vial under a microscope. He saw these fiber-like structures that were autofluorescent under UV light, and he said "If I saw that in blood, I'd be like, uh, that looks suspect": [https://
He also found this strongly autofluorescent fiber in the sample:
And this is another strongly autofluorescent fiber he saw:
He said he didn't know what the fluorescent fibers were, but he said: "And the problem with there being bacterial contamination - I don't know how much those fibrous mats are like bacterial hydrogels in this instance." [2:05:23] He sounded like Ana Mihalcea when he suggested that random fibers he saw under the microscope were "hydrogel".
When I asked what bacterial hydrogels were, an LLM said: "Bacterial hydrogels (also known as Engineered Living Hydrogels) are a new class of 'smart' materials made by encapsulating living bacteria within a 3D water-swollen polymer network." Grok said:
Bacteria do not produce autofluorescent fibers with diameters of 10-50 micrometers that can be characterized as hydrogels. Typical bacterial extracellular structures, such as curli amyloid fibers or bacterial cellulose nanofibrils, are much smaller, usually in the range of 5-100 nanometers in diameter. These nanoscale fibers can form networks within biofilm matrices that behave like hydrogels due to high water content, but the individual fibers themselves remain far too thin to match the described size.
Bacterial cellulose, produced by species like Komagataeibacter, consists of nanofibrils that occasionally assemble into larger mats or pellicles, yet even bundled structures rarely approach 10 micrometers in diameter. Autofluorescence can occur weakly in some bacterial proteins or amyloids, but it is not a prominent feature of large fibrous structures. Larger hydrogel-like materials involving bacteria are usually engineered systems, where bacteria are encapsulated in synthetic hydrogels rather than naturally secreting thick autofluorescent fibers.
Below the first image shows a fiber without ThT staining and in non-UV mode, and the second image shows the fiber with ThT staining and in UV mode. McCairn showed that the fiber glowed brighter than the background after the staining:
However he didn't menton that a few minutes earlier when he panned past the fiber, you could see that the same fiber was already autofluorescent before he did the ThT staining, so the fluorescence was not even because of the ThT:
At time 2:23:21 he said: "I can't explain the takeup of Thioflavins. So, well, the only thing I could think of was, well, these are bacterial." But he didn't mention that the same fiber that supposedly took up Thioflavin was already autofluorescent even without the ThT.
He also showed this fiber in the Moderna vaccine sample, which might be some textile fiber because it has a fairly uniform diameter of about 2-3 red blood cells (but the structures towards the bottom left side are not connected to the fiber):
McCairn's slide included multiple different types of fibers and other structures, some of which may have been fungal or bacterial. Many bacteria and fungi glow in UV light, so UV lamps are specifically employed to detect bacteria or fungi on the surfaces of a room, or to see if a room has been cleaned properly.
The so-called "amyloidogenic fibril" that McCairn found the blood of the 3-year-old may have also been a false positive, because it was similarly autofluorescent even without ThT staining: [https://
McCairn's new discovery reminded me of the mysterious fibers that were supposedly discovered in a Moderna vaccine vial by Carrie Madej: [https://
A biologist user on Twitter pointed out that amyloid fibrils are nano-scale structures, and that McCairn's fiber looked like a fiber typically seen on slides: [https://
In a video in 2022, McCairn showed the microscope image by David Nixon below, and McCairn said: "Everything that I see here is cholesterol, and literal fibers that you pick up in dust in the air. What I've seen these people do - they're not doing it in clean rooms - and you've gotta be in exceptionally clean rooms to make sure that slides are not getting contaminated. Sorry. You don't get to say that these are graphene internet fiber optic cables." [https://
McCairn's Substack post was titled "Amyloidogenic Fibrils in a Post-Gestational Case of mRNA Vaccine Exposure: Structural, Pathophysiological, and Biosecurity Perspectives". So the title didn't employ the term "amyloid fibril", which is a standard scientific term that refers to nano-scale structures, but the title rather employed the nonstandard term "amyloidogenic fibril", which might plausibly refer to something other than the typical meaning of an "amyloid fibril". In the post McCairn also referred to the so-called "amyloidogenic fibril" as an "amyloidogenic fibril formation", a "fibrillar formation", a "fibrillar aggregate", and a "macro-fibrillar form".
However Nicolas Hulscher's tweet about the post said "BREAKING: Amyloid Fibrils Found in 3-Year-Old After In-Utero mRNA Injection Exposure". Hulscher also employed the term "amyloid fibrils" in the title of his Substack post: "BREAKING: Prion-Like Amyloid Fibrils Found in 3-Year-Old Born Lifeless After In-Utero Pfizer mRNA Injection Exposure". [https://
The junk amplifier accounts SenseReceptor and toobaffled also said that McCairn found "amyloid fibrils" in the sample of blood: [https://
McCairn linked to a ChatGPT conversation where he uploaded his images of the 3-year-old's fiber, and he asked if the fiber conformed to "known amyloidogenic fibrillar forms of fibrin". [https://
The diameter of the 3-year-old's fiber is about 10-20 µm based on the scale bar in the SEM image. When I asked ChatGPT what the diameter of amyloid macrofibrils was, it said the diameter was typically 50-200 nm:
Amyloid macrofibrils are higher-order bundles of smaller amyloid fibrils. Their diameter depends on both the protein type and the aggregation environment, but in published measurements:
- Single amyloid fibrils: ~6-12 nm diameter (core β-sheet cross-section)
- Protofibrils: ~2-5 nm (precursors before mature fibril)
- Macrofibrils: typically 50-200 nm, but sometimes up to 500 nm in thick bundles seen in plaques or clot-associated aggregates
For example:
- Alzheimer's Aβ plaques: macrofibrils often 80-150 nm
- Serum amyloid A (AA amyloidosis): bundles 50-200 nm
- Amyloid-rich fibrin(ogen) clots: ribbon-like macrofibrils up to a few hundred nm wide, occasionally merging into micron-scale sheets
In his Substack post, McCairn also wrote that the 3-year-old's fiber was a "macro-fibrillar form". [https://
In McCairn's second Substack post, he showed optical microscope images of the 3-year-old's sample of blood, and he indicated that he was next going to run SEM, EDX, and Raman on the sample: "Guardians were explicitly briefed on the scope and purpose of data collection, the nature of imaging techniques employed (including UV fluorescence microscopy, Thioflavin T staining, preservation for SEM/EDX analysis, and Raman Spectroscopy), and how the data would be analyzed and disclosed." [https://
However in his third Substack post, McCairn only posted SEM images of the sample, but he didn't describe the results of EDX or Raman analysis. When I asked him if he had been able to determine if the fiber was made on fibrin, he didn't answer me, and when I asked if he had already done the EDX or Raman analysis, he only said the sample was on a glass slide so he couldn't do Raman, but he might later attempt to transfer the sample to a quartz slide to do Raman: [https://
A month earlier when I asked McCairn if he had been able to determine if the 3-year-old's fiber was made of fibrin, he told me that he was still working on the samples, but that "For the moment, they remain ThT and phenotypically positive": [https://
So I asked him if he had now run additional tests to determine if the fiber was made of fibrin or not, but he indicated he hadn't done additional testing and he hadn't confirmed that the fiber was fibrin: [https://
McCairn responded to my tweets by doing a stream where he said that he had in fact done EDX on the 3-year-old's fiber, but I don't know why he didn't answer me earlier on Twitter when I asked several times if he had done EDX. He showed the image below, and he said: "What do we see when we look at Baby B with SEM/EDX? So - high-level focusing - carbon and oxygen, silicon is the glass-slide. Chlorine, whatever, I'd say that's salt from the saline in the blood and the dye I've dropped on it. Here we can see the elemental signatures." [https://
Next he showed the image below, and he said: "And there's the Raman signature that we have for it. And, um, carbon, chlorine - there's other ones not labeled here, but there's oxygen, phosphorus, [unintelligible]. What I would expect to see. And it's normal elemental signature":
I don't know why he said his plot showed a Raman signature, because the plot was an EDX spectrum plot. Grok said: "The plot in the image appears to be an Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum, not a Raman spectrum, based on its axes (energy in keV on the x-axis, which is characteristic of X-ray spectroscopy for elemental analysis, rather than Raman shift in cm⁻¹)." And Grok said a reason why someone might confuse EDX with a Raman spectrum is that "Raman spectroscopy and EDX are both used in materials characterization to produce 'spectral signatures' (unique peak patterns that act like fingerprints for identification). Someone unfamiliar with the specifics might interchangeably use 'Raman' as a generic term for any spectroscopic plot, especially if they've encountered Raman more often in biological or chemical contexts (e.g., analyzing biomolecules like proteins in clots). Raman is popular for non-destructive molecular analysis, while EDX is for elemental composition, but the visual similarity of peaked spectra could lead to this slip."
Next McCairn showed the SEM image below, where he said that the 3-year-old's fiber was "connected to these microclots at either end", even though the string doesn't even look like it's connected to the blobs at the end, and I don't know how McCairn was able to determine that the blobs were microclots:
Next at time 2:22:15, McCairn said: "One of these exchanges you have - I've had to have - with henjin - is what I call phenotypically similar or different. So does it have the features that I would expect to see from canonical microclots - like, examples - let's see if I find a quick example of microclots from someone else. So this is a microclot from a Moderna-injured blood sample, taken in the laboratory, and basically showing the same ribbon-like and twisting features." And he showed this image:
The fiber he showed is flat and it has a lengthwise fold running along the middle, so it looks different from the other fibers McCairn has claimed are fibrin clots, which have had a more cylindrical shape so they looked like strings or twigs, and which didn't have the lengthwise fold. If the scale bar in his image is accurate, then the flat fiber has a diameter of about 15 µm, which is similar to the diameter of other fibers that McCairn has claimed are fibrin clots. But McCairn hasn't presented a sufficient explanation for why one of the fibers would have the lengthwise fold but not others.
Next McCairn showed the image below, and he said: "To me - like, I wanna say, are they connected? Or are they aggregating together around the same - the same structure." And he pointed to the blob at the top and said: "And then there's this clot up here, which isn't too visible until you do the Thioflavin staining, and then you see this sort of cluster." But I think the blobs don't look connected at all to the string:
Next he again showed the SEM image and said: "You can kind of see with the electron microscopy, there's like a shadow between them. And are they connected, right, together? Are they a part of the same structure? And where you have these tools, the light gray - the background changes right here, right. This is where you need the sensitivity signals."
Next as an example of what he meant by phenotypic similarity, he showed the image below, and he said: "Here, where you see this twisting - which is what amyloids do - when you look at the sort of computer modeling of them, there's a sort of limit to the width that they can take. And they can braid to some extent, right, so they're not like a molecule thick. So they're able to sort of aggregate together and make a twisting braid."
Earlier McCairn said that in his SEM image with a 5,000-fold magnification level, the reason why large "main branch" in the structure looked twisted was because of protein misfolding. [#
When I asked McCairn on Twitter if he had done Raman spectroscopy on the 3-year-old's fiber, he said he couldn't do Raman on the sample because the sample was on a glass slide, but he needed a quartz slide to do Raman. So I asked him if he couldn't have asked for another sample of blood on a quartz slide, but in his stream he now answered me: "His sample was very very precious, right. One, it's from a 3-year-old child. You do not want to go doing interventions on a child unnecessarily. Unfortunately for that child, he has had many interventions medically because of the condition he's in." [https://
McCairn's evidence that his fibers are made of "amyloid fibrin" seems to mainly consist of fluorescence under UV light with ThT staining, autofluoresence under UV light without any staining, and "phenotypic similarity" (which includes a twisted shape, and being embedded within the blood and not resting on top of the dried blood). So in other words his evidence is extremely weak.
ChatGPT told McCairn that the EDX results of the 3-year-old's fiber were not consistent with cellulose or synthetic fibers: [https://
McCairn also asked ChatGPT to analyze his confocal microscopy results:
McCairn said that "I do EDX as standard when using the machine". [https://
I also asked him multiple times which tests he had done on the sample, but he didn't say anything about having done confocal microscopy. And I don't remember him having presented either the EDX or confocal microscopy results earlier, even though I might have missed it because I haven't seen all of his streams.
It's possible that his EDX results are real, and his fiber is made of human protein, but even then the protein might not necessarily be fibrin. I think McCairn has still not provided sufficient evidence that the fibers he finds are actually made of fibrin.
I don't even know any other person besides McCairn who claims to have found string-like fibers of fibrin in human blood. The microclots in the images by Pretorius and Kell don't appear to have a string-like shape. If string-like clots of fibrin are now ubiquituous in human blood because of COVID vaccines, and if McCairn has found the clots in several samples of blood from random people, then it shouldn't be too difficult for other people to find the clots. So therefore I would like to see McCairn's findings verified by some neutral person who is not part of the anti-vaccine movement, and who is not the host of a conspiracy video show. McCairn is especially suspect because of his connection to Greg Harrison, who I have busted producing blatant disinformation about the clots.
When I asked McCairn if he had taken SEM images of the 3-year-old's sample at a higher magnification, he posted this image at a 5,000-fold magnification, which I believe he had not published anywhere earlier: [https://
I didn't find any region in the lower-magnification images that looked similar to the new image at 5,000-fold magnification. McCairn told me the new image was supposed to show a part of the 3-year-old's fiber, but he refused to say which part it was: [https://
McCairn wasn't even able to answer what part of the 5000x image showed the fiber and what part showed the background: [https://
The cotton fiber in this image has the same type of torsion as the 3-year-old's fiber, which McCairn claimed was a characteristic of microclots made of amyloid fibrin: [https://
In fact the 3-year-old's fiber is consistent with a cotton fiber in terms of its diameter, flatness, and the torsion. Cotton fibers are also flat, and their diameter is typically about 12-25 µm:
When I asked ChatGPT to list morphological characteristics of cotton fibers, one of the features it listed were the torsion-axis twists that are called "convolutions" in cotton:
Shape: Each fiber is a flattened, twisted, and ribbon-like structure. The twists, called convolutions, are a distinguishing feature of cotton.
Length: Fibers are relatively long compared to other natural cellulosic fibers. Depending on species and variety, they range from about 10 mm to 60 mm, with commercial cotton typically between 20-40 mm.
Diameter: The width of a fiber is usually 12-25 micrometers, tapering towards the tip.
Surface: The outer wall is smooth but shows irregular twists along its length.
Cross-section: The fiber cross-section is generally kidney-shaped or oval with a hollow center (lumen). The lumen collapses as the fiber matures, contributing to its twisted form.
Fineness: Cotton fibers are relatively fine, which contributes to softness and comfort in textiles.
Here's another image that shows how a distinguishing feature of cotton fibers are the lengthwise twists that are called "convolutions":
McCairn might also do a similar side-by-side comparison, where he would show microscope images of different types of fibers next to his supposed microclots.
McCairn posted these microscope images of cotton fibers: [https://
In the second tweet above, the two images on the top row show the 3-year-old's fiber and the two images on the bottom row show cotton fibers.
I pointed out to McCairn that his images of the 3-year-old's fiber were taken at such low magnification that it's not easy to tell if the fiber had lengthwise striations. You can't even see it from the 200x SEM image, and the 5000x SEM image doesn't show any part of the fiber as far as I can tell.
For example this cotton fiber looks fairly smooth, and the striations are so subtle that they would not necessarily be visible at a 10-fold magnification with an optical microscope (even though there's another more prominent line running through the surface on the fiber to the bottom right of the lines I highlighted, so I don't know if McCairn meant that type of lines by "striations"):
The difference in appearance between the fibers might partially be explained by a difference in dying, ThT staining, or other properties. For example typically white clothes are more strongly fluorescent under UV light than black clothes. ChatGPT said:
Natural, undyed cotton is not strongly fluorescent under ultraviolet (UV) light, although it can exhibit a faint blue-white fluorescence due to trace impurities such as residual waxes or processing agents. Raw or unbleached cotton typically shows a dull yellowish or weak blue fluorescence caused by natural pigments like pectin and xanthophylls.
Bleached white cotton, on the other hand, often fluoresces brightly with a blue-white glow because optical brightening agents (OBAs) are commonly added during the bleaching process. These agents absorb UV radiation and re-emit it in the blue region of the visible spectrum, enhancing the perceived whiteness of the fabric.
Dyed cotton exhibits highly variable fluorescence depending on the dye used. Many dyes suppress or quench fluorescence, while certain fluorescent dyes, such as those based on rhodamine or fluorescein, can produce vivid colors under UV illumination.
Cotton treated with optical brighteners through laundry detergents also displays a strong bluish-white fluorescence, similar to that seen in commercially bleached fabrics.
ChatGPT also said:
Yes, a white cotton fiber typically appears strongly fluorescent under a UV microscope, but the intensity depends on how the fiber was processed.
In most modern white cotton fabrics, optical brightening agents (OBAs) are applied during bleaching or finishing. These compounds absorb ultraviolet radiation (usually in the 340-380 nm range) and re-emit blue light (around 420-450 nm). Under a UV microscope, such fibers appear with a bright blue-white fluorescence, often much more intense than that of untreated natural fibers.
The image below shows a fiber that McCairn supposedly found in the 3-year-old's blood. The fiber is fluorescent under UV light even without ThT staining, so I don't know if the fiber might for example be a fiber of cotton that was bleached white: [https://
When McCairn asks his followers to send samples of blood to him on a slide in the mail, he supposedly finds fibrin clots with a diameter of about 10-30 µm in a large fraction of the samples. So if the density of clots per ml in his samples is representative of the overall density of the clots per ml in the bloodstream, then are there thousands of clots circulating in the bloodstream indefinitely, so that once the clots reach the arterial capillaries, they pass through the capillary bed to the veins, go back to the heart, and go back to arteries again? And if the clots are somehow induced by vaccination, then how do they remain in circulation even years after vaccination?
ChatGPT said that a clot with a diameter of 20 µm wouldn't pass through the capillaries, which have a diameter of only about 5-10 µm: [https://
No - a fibrin clot of the size you described (20 µm in diameter × 1 mm in length) could not "loop" repeatedly through the circulation. Here's why:
1. Size relative to vessels
Capillaries: ~5-10 µm in diameter.
Your clot: 20 µm in diameter, twice as wide as the largest capillaries.
Red blood cells deform to pass; fibrin clots cannot.
Thus, such a structure cannot traverse capillaries.
2. Artery-to-vein transfer
For blood to move from the arterial side to the venous side, it must pass through the capillary bed.
Since the clot is wider than capillaries, it would become trapped at the first capillary network it encounters.
It would not emerge on the venous side.
3. Circulatory "loops"
Only cells and small deformable particles (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) can continuously recirculate.
Solid emboli (clots, cholesterol crystals, etc.) either:
Lodge in a vessel (causing occlusion), or
Fragment into smaller pieces until they are small enough to pass further downstream.
The capillaries at the tip of a finger have a diameter of about 5-10 µm, so I was wondering if they wouldn't be too narrow for McCairn's fibers to pass through in order for the fibers to end up in a finger prick sample: [https://
McCairn instructs his followers to do the finger prick samples using a small instrument that is known as a lancet, which creates a puncture in the fingertip. However actually the lancet might reach deep enough to penetrate the arterioles and not only the capillaries, because ChatGPT said:
Capillaries in the fingertip are far smaller than a 20 µm clot:
Typical capillary lumen diameter: ~5-10 µm, often just wide enough for a single red blood cell (≈7-8 µm) to deform and pass through.
Precapillary arterioles / postcapillary venules: somewhat larger (≈10-30 µm), but true capillaries in the papillary dermis are in the 5-8 µm range.
Because of this:
A 20 µm fibrin clot would not be able to traverse capillaries; it is roughly 3-4× larger than the lumen.
However, if such a microclot were already present in a postcapillary venule or small arteriole in the dermal plexus (where diameters can be >20 µm), it could potentially be carried into the superficial circulation and then extravasated through a lancet puncture.
ChatGPT said that the arterioles start at a depth of about 0.3-0.6 mm beneath the surface of the fingertips:
In the fingertip, the vascular network is stratified. Based on microanatomical and histological studies of digital pulp and nail-bed skin:
Capillary loops: extend into dermal papillae immediately beneath the epidermis, beginning at ~50-150 µm below the skin surface.
Superficial dermal plexus: composed of arterioles and venules, located in the upper dermis at a depth of roughly 0.3-0.6 mm beneath the surface.
Deeper dermal/subpapillary arterioles (arising from the deep plexus): usually found at ~1-2 mm depth at the dermal-subcutaneous junction.
So, arterioles that feed the capillary loops near the fingertip start around 0.3-0.6 mm beneath the epidermis, while larger supply arterioles run deeper, closer to 1-2 mm.
And a standard finger prick lancet typically reaches a depth of about 1.5-2.0 mm. So I guess feasibly a blood clot might get stuck in arterioles because it can't pass through the arterial capillaries, and then it might get released if you do a finger prick that reaches the arterioles. So it wouldn't necessarily be anomalous if a clot is too big to pass through the capillaries, if in fact the clot was not circulating freely in blood, but it was stuck before the arterial capillaries in the fingertip.
But regardless, I consider it unlikely that the fibers McCairn finds in blood samples are blood clots, and so far McCairn has not even been able to show that his fibers are made of fibrin.
McCairn now also posted the image below, and he wrote: "I've found a more clear image of the linear clot, but it's at a lower 4000X, the 5000x are all noisy. The reason for looking at high mag is to dispel the notion that it's cotton which shows pronounced linear striations. It's clear in this sample that the surface is dimpled, non-striated, and has nodules consistent with other amyloidogenic clots." [https://
The 4000x image shows a part near the end of the fiber towards the right side of the image (which was demonstrated by a second image in McCairn's tweet, but I didn't manage to save the second image before his tweet was marked as age-restricted content, and I don't have a phone so I'm not able to verify my age).
The new image shows a part close to the end that is about 9 µm wide, but the earlier 200x image showed a part closer to the middle that was about 13 µm wide.
ChatGPT said: "Cotton fibers from Gossypium appear flattened and twisted along their length because the central lumen collapses as the fiber matures and dries, giving the middle portion a ribbon-like, C-shaped cross-section. However, at the fiber ends, the lumen is less collapsed and the structure remains more rounded, so the ends typically appear smoother and more cylindrical under the microscope."
The earlier 200x image clearly showed a more flat and twisted shape: [https://
I told McCairn that his new image was so blurry that subtle striations might be hard to see. But then McCairn pointed out that the fiber also had "protruding nodule/nucleation sites", which I think meant the small ball-like specks that were attached to the fiber:
Then I posted a microscope image of fibers in dust with specks attached to them, and I asked McCairn if his "nodules" or "nulecation sites" were just specks of dust. But he said it was unlikely because his fiber had been soaked in buffer and dye:
I pointed out it would be easy to do an experiment where you took a sample of dust that contained fibers with specks attached, you soaked the sample in buffer and ThT, and checked if the specks remained adhered to the fibers. And I posted this response from ChatGPT:
Yes, dust specks could remain adhered to a microscopic fiber even if the fiber has been soaked in buffer and ThT, but the likelihood depends on several factors:
Nature of the Fiber Surface
- If the fiber is hydrophilic (e.g., cellulose or proteinaceous material), buffer and ThT will wet it well, which can loosen loosely attached dust particles.
- If it is hydrophobic (e.g., certain synthetic polymers), surface tension effects may cause dust specks to stay trapped.
Dust Particle Properties
- Dust is heterogeneous: it can include inorganic particles, organic matter, fibers, salts, and lipids. Some of these bind electrostatically or hydrophobically to surfaces and are not easily washed off.
- Small particles (<1 µm) may adhere strongly through van der Waals forces.
Buffer and ThT Effects
- Aqueous buffer itself usually does not solubilize dust (unless the dust contains salts).
- Thioflavin T (ThT) is a small, charged, aromatic dye. At the concentrations typically used, it does not act as a detergent, so it won't remove particles strongly bound to the fiber.
- ThT may even interact with hydrophobic dust or fibrous debris, leading to retention rather than removal.
Mechanical Handling
- Passive soaking is often insufficient to dislodge strongly adhered dust.
- Agitation, sonication, or filtration would be more effective.
McCairn told me I should get my own lab equipment to do the experiment. And in fact I have thought of buying some basic equipment so I could do experiments like this myself. But McCairn should be interested in performing the experiment himself, in case he relies on the specks attached to his fiber as evidence that the fiber is not made of cotton.
McCairn did a 3-minute video where he instructed his followers on how to take a sample of blood from their finger and send it to him on a glass slide. At the end of the video, he smears the droplets of blood so that they're spread out over the glass, but the blood is left exposed to open air, and he says "let these dry overnight in a dust-free environment": [https://
How many of his followers actually had a perfectly dust-free environment at their home? He didn't instruct his followers to put any cover over the slides so dust wouldn't fall on the slides. And he didn't instruct his followers to check afterwards that no fibers of dust had landed on the blood while it was drying.
Ian Musgrave is a molecular pharmacologist who has experience doing electron microscopy of amyloids, but he said that McCairn's amyloid fibril was a cellulose fiber: [https://
When McCairn said that cellulose doesn't autofluoresce, he forgot to mention that cellulose fibers can be strongly autofluorescent if they have been treated with optical brightening agents, like the vast majority of white clothes and white paper.
The Died Suddenly movie was produced by Lauren Witzke, who was Stew's producer until 2024. In April 2024 Stew Peters tweeted: "The @DiedSuddenly_ account has been hijacked by @LaurenWitzkeDE et al and is currently not being run by the Stew Peters Network." [https://
In May 2025 the Died Suddenly crew announced that they were raising funds for a new film called "Died Suddenly 2: Nano Sapiens", which was going to be directed by Matthew Skow, who directed the original Died Suddenly film together with Nicholas Stumphauzer. [https://
Jikkyleaks said that the cast of the film was full of "glowies", but Kevin McCairn replied "LMFAO at the list of cretins in that list": [https://
One of the people featured in the film was Maria Zeee, but a few weeks earlier, McCairn went on Maria Zeee's show together with Richard Hirschman, who was the main star of the original Died Suddenly film:
Several other people in the Nano Sapiens film are also connected to the clots: [https://
Ana Maria Mihalcea: When she looked at Hirschman's coffee ground clots under a microscope, and she presented a video of blinking lights as evidence that the clots contained quantum dot micro robots, Hirschman told her: "You got some pretty daggum solid proof behind you when you're showing the actual images, you're showing the blinking lights". [https://
La Quinta Columna: I have found no reference to a new type of white fibrous clots before January 2022 when Jane Ruby first broke the news about the clots. But Jane Ruby also says that she broke La Quinta Columna's story about graphene oxide. [https://
Youngmi Lee and Daniel Broudy: Their paper about nanotechnology in COVID vaccines was published by the journal IJVTPR. IJVTPR has also published the only scientific paper about calamari clots I have found, which was coauthored by Daniel Santiago and John Oller, who are both members of the editorial board of IJVTPR. [https://
David Nixon: He is a member of NZDSOS, which promoted An Unholy Triad, and which was co-founded by Matt Shelton who was credited in An Unholy Triad. [https://
Steven Quay: Greg Harrison did a video where he claimed that Quay's paper explained why the spike protein induced the formation of calamari clots. [https://
In June 2025 Nicolas Hulscher posted a tweet where he promoted McCairn's Substack post about the 3-year-old's fiber. Hulscher said the fiber was an "amyloid fibril", even though the diameter of the fiber was 3 orders of magnitude bigger than the diameter of an amyloid fibril: [https://
Nicolas Hulscher is the "foundation administrator" of the McCullough Foundation, and he runs the Twitter account of McCullough Foundation. Peter McCullough is the Chief Scientific Officer of The Wellness Company.
In May 2025 McCairn and Hirschman went on Maria Zeee's show, which is now part of Vigilant News Network which was founded by TWC's co-founder Foster Coulson:
TWC's "chief marketing officer" used to be Christopher Alexander, whose work experience includes having "successfully secured over 300 million dollars in contracts for Information Operations, PSYOP, and intelligence support" and being "recognized as a leader in disinformation, misinformation, and counter-propaganda campaigns". [https://
Accounts related to TWC seem to be artificially amplified by bots on Twitter. In 2024 I scraped the reposts of about 80 accounts that I suspected to be bots that promoted content about COVID from the controlled alternative media. When I sorted accounts by the number of reposts by the suspected bots divided by the number of followers, and I excluded accounts that were not related to COVID and accounts that had a low number of followers, McCullough Foundation ranked 2nd highest. [bot2.
Makis promotes ivermectin and fenbendazole as miracle cures for turbo cancer, but before COVID both of them were presented as cures for Morgellons disease: [https://
A forum post from 2016 said: "I've also read that a lot of people who are suffering with morgellons have had some huge success with fenbendazole." [https://
In 2024 Hulscher and McCullough coauthored a paper with Raphael Stricker, who is possibly the main person responsible for popularizing the Morgellons disease hoax. Stricker also coauthored a paper in 2021 with McCullough and Harvey Risch, who are both members of the "Chief Medical Board" of TWC: [https://
The term Morgellons disease was coined by Mary Leitao. The earliest paper about Morgellons disease that is structured like a scholarly paper is probably a paper from 2006 that was coauthored by Virginia Savely, Mary Leitao, and Raphael Stricker. [https://
In 2019 the California Medical Board issued a complaint against Stricker because he prescribed ivermectin as a treatment for Morgellons disease without obtaining informed consent. [https://
In a video that Ana Mihalcea did with Hirschman, she said that calamari clots are "made from these filaments that Clifford Carnicom calls cross-domain bacteria or Morgellons filaments", and she showed these images of Morgellons filaments that she found in Hirschman's clots: [https://
Then Hirschman told Mihalcea "I had a live blood analysis of my own blood and my blood had some of those filaments in it too" (even though it's not clear if by the filaments he meant Morgellons filaments or some other type of filaments). [55:26] As evidence that Hirschman's clots contained quantum dot microrobots, Mihalcea showed a microscope video of blinking lights, but Hirschman told her "you got some pretty daggum solid proof behind you, when you're showing the actual images, you're showing the blinking lights". [1:00:57]
The only scientific paper about calamari clots I have found was published in the journal IJVTPR (if I employ a very loose definition of a scientific paper that includes pseudo-scientific papers masquerading as scientific papers). One of the people on the editorial board of the journal is Shimon Yanowitz. [https://
The term "turbo cancer" was first introduced in September 2021 in Arne Burkhardt's pathology conference. [turbo.
In reality the fibers in the image above have several characteristics of cotton, because they are about 2 to 3 blood cells wide, they have a flat body with a cupped C-like shape, and they have the kind of lengthwise twists that are called convolutions in fibers of cotton.
One of the people in McCairn's circle is Johanna Deinert, who said taht she advised Arne Burkhardt on immunohistochemistry, and I believe she even helped run his website, which is rather suspicious considering how Burkhardt appears to have been a Quinta Columna type plant in alt media. [https://
Added later: Apparently Mary Leitao also claimed that Morgellons filaments were autofluorescent: [https://
Adam Finnegan promoted this video McCairn did with Nicolas Hulscher, where McCairn presented his neo-Morgellons theory about how vaccinated people have developed a scary new pathology which causes their body to grow fibers that look like textile fibers: [https://
Kevin McCairn has done multiple videos with Adam Finnegan, and Finnegan is on McCairn's Discord and he is promoted by many people in McCairn's circle.
In 2021 Finnegan wrote an article about Morgellons disease, where he claimed that he had witnessed Morgellons disease in his extended family members, he characterized the Carnicom Institute as a credible source, and he suggested that the presence of microplastics in rain might mean that Morgellons is spread through chemtrails. He wrote that Morgellons disease was the result of "adverse events in nanotechnological failure", and he compared Morgellons filaments to nanowires produced by genetically modified viruses (even though the fibers that are said to be Morgellons filaments are visible with an optical microscope, but nanowires are not). [https://
Finnegan also showed a photo of plastic fibers in rainwater, and he compared it to Mary Leitao's photo of Morgellons filaments: [https://
Finnegan is a regular guest on the channel of the son of a high-level FBI agent, who also recorded an audio narration of Finnegan's book, and who appears to be Finnegan's biggest advocate in alt media. The son of the FBI agent launched his YouTube channel together with a Jew who said that he had homies at French Mossad, and that he worked with Dutch intelligence in New York: [https://
Edited in 2026: The rest of this section has been split off into a dedicated article about Finnegan and John Loftus: lyme.
A Twitter user called Tom Czerniawski said that prions from vaccines will kill so many people that all human life on earth will end, and he said it was not hyperbole or exaggeration. Kevin McCairn replied to him suggesting that the prions will result in an evolutionary bottleneck event: [https://
Earlier Tom Czerniawski was going around asking billionaires to donate money to McCairn, because he said that if McCairn receives a few hundred thousand USD in donations, he could "SAVE EVERYONE FROM DYING HORRIBLY": [https://
Here Tom said that the clots will cause a cataclysmic pole shift to arrive more quickly, and Ethical Skeptic agreed with him: [https://
One time when I told McCairn that his followers have the same kind of cult mentality as no-virus people, he said "no they don't" and "it's not like that at all". [https://
Added later: As further evidence that McCairn's followers are members of an apocalyptic cult, the pinned tweet of one of his fans says that the spike protein has a prion epitope that is creating an extinction-level super prion event (which somehow only McCairn has been able to reveal through his scientific genius): [https://
Added in 2026: Now Tom suggested that McCairn was an angel of salvation, who was sent to earth by divine providence to save humanity: [https://
Here Tom seems to have implied that people like McCairn are the best humans on the earth: [https://
Black Tom also said that Jikkyleaks has saved countless millions of lives, or potentially billions down the road: [https://
In May 2025, Kevin McCairn published a Substack post about how he supposedly found an amyloid fibril in the blood of a 3-year-old boy. His story went viral after Nicolas Hulscher published a Substack post about the story. Hulscher's post was then copied by Frank Bergman, who is the most prolific author on the fake news site Slay News. Bergman's article was promoted by the Died Suddenly account on Twitter, which posted a screenshot of Bergman's article copied to another fake news site called TRUTH11.COM:
A few days later, a paper about how vaccinated people were magnetic was published in the Indian predatory journal IJIRMS, which has also published papers by Hulscher and McCullough. At first the paper didn't get too much attention, but a few days later it went viral after Hulscher wrote a Substack post about the paper, and then Hulscher's article was again copied by Frank Bergman, and Bergman's article was promoted by Died Suddenly:
Nic Hulscher also posted similar AI-generated infographics promoting both stories: [https://
Frank Bergman is likely a fake person, and his portrait picture appears to have been generated by thispersondoesnotexist.com or by some other interface to StyleGAN: [https://
Slay News is run by British people from a company called Evil Corp Ltd. They also run another fake news site called News Addicts, where the most prolific author is Hunter Fielding who has an AI-generated portrait picture. Articles by Hunter Fielding are also published on the British fake news site Expose News.
There's a British Substack author who uses the pseudonym Iggy Semz, who has been a guest on McCairn's stream. After I started compiling evidence that the clots were fake on McCairn's Discord server, Iggy launched a massive character assassination campaign against me, and he flooded the server for days with posts where he attacked me, even though he was not able to counter the evidence I presented about the clots. His profile picture appears to have been generated by thispersondoesnotexist.com, because when I opened the full version of his profile image on Discord, it had a black rectangle at the same spot where thispersondoesnotexist.com adds a watermark, and the eyes in his picture are located at the same spot as the eyes in Frank Bergman's picture:
One author of the magnetism paper was Pasi Suominen, who is a member of Jikky's mouse army, so Jikkyleaks said that if the paper "got through peer review then it's got merit" (even though the paper was published in an Indian predatory journal): [https://
I'm calling Pasi Suominen's group the Finno Columna, because the story that graphene oxide made vaccinated people magnetic was originated by La Quinta Columna. La Quinta Columna came up with #MagnetGate and #BluetoothGate before Jikky came up with his first gate: [https://
A Twitter user called Jesus4AllAlways posted the images below and wrote: [https://
My family of 5 are unlucky patients who took pFIZER Feb 2021 double jab In Rockaway NJ.
Using an Olympus CX 43 lab microscope from January 3, 2024 regular for some reason in November 2024 I observed the fiber looking structures in my blood. I began to research what they were.
Suspicious of the PJab in January to May 2025, I checked my wife and children. Bad news.
I observed the same strange structures in each of them.Pic 1 shows my May 25 observation of myself
Pic 2 is 22 year old child
Pic 3 is wife
Pic 4 is 20 year old
(The first image was actually a video clip, but I included a screenshot of the video above. In the video Jesus4AllAlways said that the cells were white blood cells, even though they're actually red blood cells.)
In a reply to Jesus4AllAlways, McCairn suggested that one or more of the structures in the images were "amyloidogenic fibrin": [https://
The structures in the first two images are about 3-4 times wider than the red blood cells, but red blood cells have a diameter of about 6-8 µm, so the diameter of the structures is roughly consistent with the fibers McCairn has found in blood samples, which have had a diameter of about 10-30 µm.
Some of McCairn's fibers have been flat like the structures in the first two images, but his other fibers haven't looked similarly flat. But even one of McCairn's flat fibers had a lengthwise fold running along the middle, which was missing from the structures in the images by Jesus4AllAlways. And the fibers in McCairn's microscope images haven't looked as translucent as the structures in the first two images. And McCairn's fibers haven't usually had the kind of folds of about 90 degrees as in the first two images, where you can see different parts of the folded structure overlapping each other. And Jesus4AllAlways didn't even do UV microscopy or ThT staining.
So then why was McCairn ready to declare that the structures in the images were "amyloidogenic fibrin"?
In 2022 when Shimon Yanowitz was on Maria Zeee's show, he showed an image of the structure below, which has similar folds as the ribbons in the blood of Jesus4AllAlways. Yanowitz said the structure was a killer tube which could be programmed to kill the host, and he said: "There are now billions of people walking around with some structures inside of them that could be commanded to open up and release the payload upon external command at will." [https://
This is what ChatGPT said about Shimon's killer tube:
This image shows a ribbon-like structure under a microscope, viewed with polarized light or differential interference contrast (DIC), based on the high-contrast, crystalline-like edges. The object in question is highly consistent with a synthetic microplastic fiber, most likely polyester, nylon, or another textile-derived filament.
Characteristics Supporting This:
Flat, crumpled ribbon appearance typical of synthetic fibers.
High birefringence (bright glow under polarized light), which is characteristic of plastics.
No internal biological structure (e.g., no nuclei, organelles, or cellular components).
The irregular folding and twisting are typical of how synthetic fibers behave when dried or compressed.
Ana Mihalcea said that similar translucent ribbons with folds were "hydrogel filaments": [https://
ChatGPT said that Mihalcea's hydrogel filaments were likely to be synthetic fibers:
Left Image:
The background consists of what look like red blood cells (RBCs) - biconcave discs, tightly packed.
The ribbon runs diagonally and has a smooth, semi-transparent appearance with light-scattering properties, suggesting it is not biological tissue.
The ribbon's uniform thickness and reflective surface suggest it could be a polymer fiber, perhaps from clothing or lab materials (e.g., polyester or nylon).
Right Image:
A similar structure is seen again, this time bent at an angle.
The bright refraction and internal stress patterns visible under polarized or brightfield illumination are typical of synthetic materials, not biological ones.
The presence of RBCs again near the ribbon supports that this is a foreign object in a biological sample.
Conclusion:
The ribbon in both images is most likely a synthetic fiber accidentally introduced into the sample - possibly from clothing, gloves, wipes, or sample coverslips. It is not a biological structure.
Similarly when I asked what the ribbon in the video by Jesus4AllAlways was, ChatGPT answered: "The structure has sharp folds and flat surfaces, consistent with plastic sheeting or synthetic ribbon fibers, not biological tissue."
Added later: I asked McCairn if he still stuck to his claim that the images by Jesus4AllAlways showed "amyloidogenic fibrin", and if by "amyloidogenic fibrin" he referred to the flat ribbons with folds. He indicated that he did refer to the flat ribbons with folds, and he said: "I would say from that image of that the ribbon like structure is consistent with the morphology of amyloid fibrillar forms seen in long covid and vax injured." [https://
However I again uploaded Mihalcea's images of hydrogel filaments to ChatGPT, and I asked if the folds and flat shape were consistent with a fibrin clot. But ChatGPT said:
No - sharp folds like the ones in your image (especially the ~90° bend in the right-hand picture) are not characteristic of natural fibrin clots.
Here's why:
Fibrin mechanics: Natural fibrin fibers are semi-flexible biopolymers. When bent, they curve smoothly because the protofibril bundles resist sharp angles - you get arcs, not crisp corners.
Amyloid fibrin: Even when fibrin is converted into amyloid-like β-sheet-rich forms, it becomes stiffer and more brittle, but it still tends to fracture or kink irregularly rather than form a neat, flat, ribbon-like corner.
Your sample: The flat cross-section, uniform thickness, and clean angular bend are far more consistent with synthetic fibers (e.g., textile microfibers), which can hold a crease from manufacturing or folding.
In short, a true natural fibrin clot won't spontaneously develop a paper-fold-style corner under physiological conditions or during slide prep - unless it's being mechanically crushed between coverslip and slide, in which case it fractures rather than bends smoothly at 90°.
In July 2021 Philippe van Welbergen presented the microscope images of vaccinated blood below, and he suggested that the translucent ribbon with folds was made of graphene oxide. The ribbon is about 3-4 red blood cells wide, so it has a similar diameter as the ribbons shown by Jesus4AllAlways and Mihalcea: [https://
Just like McCairn, van Welbergen also suggested that the presence of ribbons was somehow a characteristic of unhealthy vaccinated blood:
In 2021 Jane Ruby did a video where she showed the photos below, and she said: "Dr. Welbergen calls those gold structures tubes, when he magnified them even further on a regular microscope. They are actually in a tube form, and you can see the opening on either end of those. Remember, this looks strikingly like the graphene oxide that we saw under the regular microscope, from the Spanish researchers like the Quinta Columna, where you saw that folded over protein that looked like it was like a piece of Kleenex under a pane. And that's what this is." [https://
Kevin McCairn told me that the calamari clots are "very clearly blood vessel occlusions, composed of amyloidogenic protein, that have the same properties as amyloidogenic micro clots, that have been proven human tissue through genomic testing". [https://
However I told him: "A clump of fibrin is not tissue. If you dipped some rubber in blood and tested it genetically, you would find human DNA from the blood, but that doesn't mean the rubber would be human tissue. It's possible the clots have a human origin, but I think it has not yet been proven." And I showed him this response from ChatGPT:
Calling such clots "human tissue" would be misleading. Here is why:
Blood clot composition: A fibrin-rich clot with little entrapped blood cells is still just a coagulum of protein (fibrin) rather than a structured tissue. It lacks organized cells, extracellular matrix, vasculature, or architecture typical of tissue.
Definition of tissue (in biology/medicine): Tissue is a collection of cells (of one or more types) and their extracellular products, organized to perform a function. Examples: epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue.
Clot vs. tissue: A clot is an acellular polymer network (fibrin mesh) that sometimes traps platelets, leukocytes, and red blood cells. While it originates from blood (a fluid connective tissue), a fibrin clot by itself is not equivalent to "human tissue."
Terminology in practice: Pathologists or hematologists would usually describe this as "fibrin clot," "fibrinous exudate," or "thrombus" (if formed in vivo), but not "tissue."
McCairn posted an AI response which said that the clots are not human tissue, but the clots can be still viewed as a "quasi-tissue scaffold", or the clots can be considered to "function as novel pathological pseudo-tissue": [https://
But I told him that those were bad copes, and that he is a quasi-scientist and he functions as a pseudo-scientist. He cannot even tell protein apart from tissue, or a peptide apart from a protein, or a micrometer apart from a micromolar, or a dust fiber apart from an amyloid fibril.
I told McCairn I hadn't found evidence that string-like fibrin clots with a diameter of about 10-30 µm would be circulating freely in human blood. He responded by showing the images below from a paper where the senior author was Resia Pretorius, and he wrote: "Row B is a string like microclot that would be well over 100 micrometers, as it fills the whole micrograph, from whole blood, and stained with ThT." [https://
I pointed out that the string-like segments on row B had a diameter of only about 1 µm. They also seem to be part of a web-like structure and not lone isolated fibers.
Then I asked ChatGPT to list the diameters of different types of fibers that appear as contaminants on microscope slides. Most types of fibers it listed have a diameter around the range of 10-50 µm, which matches the diameter of the fibers that McCairn has found in blood samples:
Synthetic Fibers
- Nylon: ~10-50 µm
- Polyester (PET): ~10-30 µm
- Acrylic: ~10-25 µm
- Polypropylene: ~20-50 µm
- Rayon (regenerated cellulose): ~12-20 µm
Natural Fibers
- Cotton: ~10-40 µm (flat, twisted ribbon-like appearance)
- Wool: ~15-40 µm (scaly surface)
- Silk: ~10-15 µm (smooth, uniform diameter, triangular cross-section)
- Linen (flax): ~12-16 µm
Mineral and Glass Fibers
- Asbestos: ~0.02-3 µm (often below light microscopy resolution, needle-like)
- Glass fibers: ~1-20 µm (uniform, cylindrical)
- Rock wool / slag wool: ~2-10 µm
Other Microscopic Fibers
- Cellulose fibers (paper fragments, wood pulp): ~10-50 µm
- Carbon fibers: ~5-10 µm
For example these cotton fibers are about 20 µm wide at the widest point: [https://
In this image, the cotton and linen fibers both have a diameter of about 20 µm: [https://
The next photo supposedly shows hydrogel filaments that Mihalcea found in the blood of a corpse embalmed by Hirschman. The filaments are about 2-3 red blood cells wide, which is about 15-20 µm, because red blood cells typically have a diameter of about 6-8 µm: [https://
This fiber that Mihalcea claimed was a carbon nanotube also had a diameter of about 2-3 red blood cells: [https://
These fibers in the blood of the son of Jesus4AllAlways are also about 2-3 red blood cells wide: [https://
McCairn said that the fiber below was a "fibrillar form clot" that he found in his own blood. The fiber is about 3-4 red blood cells wide at the widest point. McCairn said the scale bar was wrong and it was supposed to be 50 µm wide, but based on the size of the red blood cells, the scale bar might be closer to about 100 µm wide: [https://
McCairn supposedly found the fiber below in the blood of Lyndsey House in 2024. If the scale bar is accurate, then the fiber is about 15 µm wide: [https://
Robert Young also found a scary fiber with a diameter of about 3 red blood cells in vaccinated blood: [https://
Clifford Carnicom's website has an archive of articles going back to 1999. His early articles focused on topics like chemtrails and HAARP, but his first article about Morgellons disease is from 2006. [https://
However Carnicom failed to mention that both the diameter and the twisted shape were characteristic of a fiber of cotton. He also posted these images of fibers in the sample, which look like cotton because they have a flat cupped shape, and they have the kind of twists that are called "convolutions" in cotton:
In Carnicom's second post about Morgellons disease, he wrote about a sample he is supposed to have received from another Morgellons patient. He posted this close-up photo of one of the fibers in the sample, where you can now see the flat cupped shape even more clearly: [https://
Carnicom wrote that the diameter of the fiber was approximately 40 µm, which would be about 3-4 times wider than his earlier fiber that he said was about 10-12 µm wide. Fibers of cotton typically have a diameter of about 10-40 µm, or sometimes a narrower range of variation is given as 12-25 µm. However Carnicom's estimates of the diameter might have a fairly wide margin of error, because in another post he estimated that a structure in his image had a diameter between 3 and 10 µm, so his maximum estimate was more than 3 times higher than his minimum estimate. [https://
Carnicom said that his Morgellons filaments were composed of multiple "sub-micron filaments" which were packed together within a "bounding filament". By the "sub-micron filaments", he might have referred to segments of the fiber that were separated by the lengthwise striations which are characteristic of cotton. In one post he wrote: "The diameter of the bounding filament generally ranges from 20-40 microns in thickness." [https://
McCairn has now started giving expensive treatment to people which supposedly removes the fibers from their blood that he initially called "amyloid fibrils", but that he started calling "fibrillar formations" after I told him he was misusing the word fibril. Now he seems to be calling them "aggregates" instead.
Earlier McCairn gave the impression that the fibers he found in blood samples were circulating freely in the bloodstream, but me and another user on his Discord pointed out that his fibers had a wider diameter than capillaries, so the fibers wouldn't be able to pass through the capillary bed. But then later I figured out that in case the fibers were lodged in the arterioles before the capillaries in the fingertips, the fibers might get released from the arterioles if you do a finger prick sample, because typically a finger prick lancet would reach deep enough to penetrate the arterioles and not only the arterial capillaries. However it's a hypothesis I came up with on my own and that McCairn didn't suggest to me (and I came up with the hypothesis because I was trying to play along with the scenario where the fibers that look like textile fibers would actually be clots made of fibrin, which I was nearly certain was not true): [https://
Earlier I asked McCairn several times if the reason why his supposed clots had a string-like shape was because the clots formed in a small blood vessel and then got dislodged, McCairn came up with explanations like that "there is a coherency in the epistemological grounding of the amyloid PRION formation". [https://
However now when he did a video with one of his first patients, McCairn said himself that the so-called "aggregates" are "lodged into the entrance and exits of capillary beds", where he even used the same verb "lodged" that I had earlier used many times to refer to the hypothetical clots that are stuck before the capillaries. He said: "So, what's the one thing that we can point at right now, which is quantitative in a ways that the aggregations in the plasma disappear? And, are they generated de-novo, or are they a consequence of initial exposure, and then just sort of building up over time? I'm still unsure. But what I can say is between the DFPP - PA session, sorry - you were in the second treatment protocol, in the pre-plasma - there was amyloid-like burden in the pre-plasma that has gone in the post. So my thinking is that there's a bulk movement of the plasma during filtration, and that's gonna drag a whole bunch of these aggregates with them. It's coming back in clean. And then if there's more that are sort of hanging on to the vasculature, they're gonna then be washed off into the plasma again, which is why we're seeing the return of them in the secondary treatment - sorry, in the second treatment. And I would say the fact that you've such a rejuvenating effect - those are the aggregates that were really lodged into the entrance and exits of capillary beds. And so, I think we're moving them, but like I'm saying, in your case it's taking longer than two weeks." [https://
But if the aggregates are lodged before the capillaries but the aggregates are too big to pass through the capillaries, then how could the aggregates be removed by the plasmapheresis treatment? And if the aggregates are lodged after the capillaries, then how do they happen to break loose at the same time when the patient undergoes the plasmapheresis treatment? Does the treatment include some mechanism that induces the aggregates to become embolized?
As of April 2026, McCairn's hardcore fan CoyoteSanctuary was still using the term "amyloid fibril" to refer to the structures McCairn sees in blood samples (or actually he used the word "fibrilla", but it is synonymous with the word "fibril"): [https://
McCairn supposedly found this fiber in the blood of one of his patients, whose username on Twitter is KenCaptn20114: [https://
If the fiber is a fibrin clot that has a string-like shape because it formed inside a blood vessel so it conformed to the shape of the blood vessel, then why is the fiber flat and not cylindrical?
This is what ChatGPT said about the fiber:
What you're seeing is almost certainly a contaminant fiber, not a biological structure from the blood itself.
A few cues from the image:
Uniform thickness along most of its length → biological filaments (like fibrin strands) tend to branch irregularly and form mesh-like networks, not long smooth ribbons.
Sharp bends/kinks → typical of synthetic or textile fibers that have been mechanically deformed.
Flat, ribbon-like morphology → very characteristic of textile fibers (e.g., cotton, rayon, or synthetic microfibers), which often appear twisted or collapsed into ribbon shapes under microscopy.
Strong fluorescence under UV → many fibers (especially synthetic ones or those treated with dyes/brighteners) fluoresce brightly, whereas native blood components usually don't show this kind of linear, high-contrast emission unless specifically stained.
Most likely candidates
Cotton fiber (common lab contaminant; appears as a flattened, twisted ribbon)
Synthetic microfiber (polyester/nylon; often smoother and more uniformly fluorescent)
Lint contamination from clothing, wipes, or lab materials
What it is not likely to be
Fibrin strand → would look more web-like and irregular
Parasite or worm → would show internal structure and biological segmentation
Cellular debris → would be more granular or amorphous
The fiber has one of these "paper fold"-style corners where you can see folded over segments of the flat fiber overlapping each other, like in the case of the fiber in the blood of Jesus4AllAlways, Mihalcea's hydrogel filament, Shimon Yanowitz's killer tube, and Philippe van Welbergen's graphene ribbon:
KenCaptn said that the treatment he got in Japan was very expensive, but he had no choice because he would've died if he didn't get the treatment: [https://
He tweeted: "This clot issue possibly could turn into the biggest problem that humanity has ever faced. Think youre safe because youre unvaxxed? Think again. There are violently ill people here that are unvaxxed in Japan covered in microclots being treated." [https://
KenCaptn also said that stem cell growth factors repair demons: [https://
He said that blood clots are "called fibril or amyloids": [https://
He claims that his life was earlier saved by Mary Talley Bowden who suggested him to double his dose of ivermectin and nattokinase: [https://
Even after he had received the plasmapheresis treatment, he still said that he is afraid to ever get off ivermectin: [https://
Now McCairn seems to have come up with a new explanation for why some of his supposed clots have a flat and not cylindrical cross-section, which is that "veins are flat and non-cylindrical": [https://
So he seems to still be saying that the shape of the clot is explained by the clot being an intravascular cast. ChatGPT said:
Short answer: generally no - a fibrin clot that detaches from a vessel does not reliably preserve the vessel's cross-sectional shape, especially not as a stable, flat "ribbon."
Fibrin networks are viscoelastic and deformable rather than rigid. Once a clot is dislodged and no longer constrained by blood flow and vessel walls, it undergoes stress relaxation, elastic recoil, and internal restructuring. As a result, it can collapse, twist, or fragment, rather than maintaining a fixed molded geometry.
Although veins can be partially collapsed or non-circular in vivo, particularly at low pressure, their lumen remains a three-dimensional, compliant structure rather than a consistently flat channel. After removal from the body, the loss of internal pressure and surrounding tissue support leads to further deformation. Additional handling and fluid forces during extraction can significantly alter the clot's shape.
There are cases where biological material approximates a lumen, such as airway casts or some post-mortem clots, but these typically appear as irregular cylindrical or branching structures. They do not present as long, uniformly flat ribbons.
A persistent flat, ribbon-like morphology is therefore more consistent with ex vivo artifact, mechanical compression, surface-interface effects, or non-fibrin material. It is not well explained by simple intravascular molding of a fibrin clot.
Overall, while a clot may transiently resemble the vessel it formed in, it does not stably retain that geometry, and a consistently flat cross-section is not what would be expected from a true intravascular fibrin clot.
When I asked RexesRule why KenCaptn's fiber was flat and not cylindrical, she didn't answer my question, but she just said that I was a troll, and that McCairn and his patients are heroes who don't deserve trolls in their threads: [https://
McCairn showed me the image below from a paper by Pretorius and Kell, where the bottom right panel appears to show a segment of a string-like clot with a diameter of about 10 µm. But it's not clear how long the structure is or if it has uniform width throughout its length, even though the width of the structure does seem to taper off suddenly towards the right side of the image. The structure doesn't look flat, but it's not clear if other parts of the structure would look more flat. The structure is also not uniformly fluorescent like some of McCairn's fibers have been: [https://
McCairn also found an Indian paper that featured a few images of structures with a string-like shape that the authors described as microclots: [https://
However the images in the Indian paper don't even have scale bars, so it's difficult to tell if the diameter of the string-like structures is consistent with textile fibers or not. And the elongated structures seem to have a more variable diameter than the fibers in McCairn's images, and they have a gel-like appearance, and they don't seem to be flat. The authors didn't describe analyzing the composition of the structures in order to determine if the structures were even clots made of fibrin. And the paper doesn't seem very credible, because it was written in broken English and published in a predatory journal for tropical medicine even though the paper was not about tropical medicine.
McCairn also found a paper from 2025 where the authors described a method for quantifying the number of microclots associated with long COVID in blood samples, which included the figure below where the top left panel shows an elongated structure with a diameter of about 20 µm: [https://
However the elongated structure above looks more cylindrical than flat, and it doesn't have any sharp corners similar to 90 degree paper folds. The structure doesn't seem have the kind of twists that are called convolutions in cotton, even though the image has such low quality that it's difficult to discern the shape of the clot. The structure also appears to have a fairly high degree of variability in diameter along its length, so that the diameter is tapered off towards the top of the image. And like in the case of the Indian study, the authors of the study did not describe determining if the structures in the images were actually made of fibrin, or doing any kind of filtering to remove non-fibrin structures from the blood.
Next McCairn found the figure below from a paper published in Nature where the authors quantified the amount of fibrin microclots in 84 children and young adults. Like in the case of the other papers, the authors didn't describe determining the composition of the structures to verify if they were actually clots made of fibrin. But even if the structure on the right is actually a clot made of fibrin, it doesn't look flat, it has quite a bit of variability in diameter along its length, it doesn't have sharp "paper fold"-style corners, and it doesn't have the kind of lengthwise fold running along the middle as the fiber McCairn found from Lyndsey's blood: [https://
Lyndsey House showed that her plasma was more reddish before she got McCairn's DFPP treatment and more yellowish after the treatment: [https://
When I asked what would explain the change in color, ChatGPT said:
What you're seeing actually makes physiologic sense for pre- vs post-DFPP (double filtration plasmapheresis).
A more reddish or orange plasma before DFPP typically reflects a higher concentration of circulating components that affect color and turbidity. Before DFPP, plasma contains higher levels of lipoproteins (especially LDL, VLDL, and possibly chylomicrons), immunoglobulins, and other large plasma proteins. These components can give plasma a darker, more orange or slightly reddish hue due to increased light scattering and overall density. After DFPP, many of these larger molecules are selectively removed, so the plasma appears clearer and shifts toward a more typical yellow or straw color.
Mild hemolysis can also contribute. If the pre-procedure sample has even slight red blood cell breakdown, free hemoglobin in the plasma can create a pink to reddish tint. This effect may be reduced after DFPP due to removal processes and dilutional effects. It's worth considering whether the pre sample had any handling factors that might have introduced minor hemolysis.
Plasma color is also influenced by bilirubin and concentration effects. Normal plasma is straw yellow, deeper yellow or orange can reflect higher bilirubin or increased concentration of solutes, and pink to red suggests hemolysis. After DFPP, the plasma is effectively "cleaned" and somewhat diluted, which tends to lighten its appearance.
Finally, hemoconcentration prior to the procedure can play a role. If the patient was relatively volume-depleted beforehand, plasma components would be more concentrated, contributing to a darker appearance. Fluid shifts during and after DFPP can make the post sample look lighter by comparison.
Overall, the pre-DFPP plasma appears more red or orange primarily because it contains higher levels of lipoproteins and proteins, with possible minor contributions from hemolysis or concentration effects. The post-DFPP plasma looks clearer and more yellow because those larger, color-influencing components have been reduced.
(Edited later: I was incorrectly speaking of DFPP here, even though the treatment provided at Edogawa is immunoadsorption and not DFPP. But McCairn himself used to call the treatment DFPP until January 2026, so I don't know if Edogawa initially provided DFPP treatment but later switched to immunoadsorption.)
Lyndsey and another one of McCairn's patients reported reduced numbness in their toes after getting the DFPP treatment, which might be an outcome of improved perfusion to the toes: [https://
I was wondering that if DFPP doesn't actually induce microclots lodged in the capillaries to break loose, then how could DFPP improve perfusion to the toes? Grok speculated that DFPP might improve perfusion by reducing the viscocity of blood:
Fibrinogen is a key high-molecular-weight plasma protein that dramatically increases viscosity (especially in low-shear microcirculation). DFPP removes 50-88% of fibrinogen per session or cumulatively (along with other contributors like IgM, α2-macroglobulin).
Lower viscosity directly increases capillary flow rate per Poiseuille's law: flow ∝ (pressure × radius⁴) / (viscosity × length). In narrow capillaries, even small viscosity drops yield large perfusion gains. This improves oxygen exchange without needing to dissolve every lodged clot. Studies on plasmapheresis in hyperviscosity syndromes confirm this: reduced plasma viscosity enhances capillary perfusion, shear-dependent vasodilation (via endothelium-derived relaxing factors), and tissue oxygenation.
Result: Better overall microcirculatory flow, even around partial obstructions, leading to the "rejuvenating effect" described in patient reviews.
A paper about HELP apheresis by Beata Jaeger et al. said: "In principle, the decreased fibrinogen concentration causes rheologically significant effects and facilitates oxygen exchange. Plasma viscosity is reduced by an average of 19%, and erythrocyte aggregability is significantly decreased by 60% (33). In addition, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO) release are favorably influenced (33). The improvements have also been demonstrated for cerebral blood flow in the cardiac patients, where they profit from a 63% increase in the CO2 reserve capacity (54)." [https://
The reduction in peripheral neuropathy might also be explained by a neurological and not circulatory mechanism. Plasmapheresis is employed as a treatment for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), which is an autoimmune condition that affects the myelin sheath around peripheral nerves. Plasmapheresis removes antibodies in plasma that attack the nerves, even though the effect of the treatment typically lasts for only a few weeks, so the treatment has to be repeated frequently. [https://
A paper from 2011 said: "Based on 2 Class I studies, plasmapheresis is established as effective in the short-term treatment of CIDP; both studies showed the beneficial effect is not sustained, with worsening beginning 1-5 weeks after last plasmapheresis treatment." [https://
When I asked what other explanations there might be for the reduced numbness in the toes after the DFPP treatment, Grok produced this list of 4 possible explanations:
1. Reduction in systemic inflammation and neurotoxic/inflammatory mediators (non-CIDP pathway)
DFPP removes cytokines (e.g., TNF-α), chemokines (e.g., RANTES), oxidized LDL, complement components (C3/C4), and other pro-inflammatory molecules that can directly sensitize or damage peripheral nerves or cause small-fiber neuropathy symptoms.
In patients with metabolic or non-metabolic peripheral neuropathy (including cases with environmental toxin burden), DFPP has been shown to significantly lower serum CRP, TNF-α, eosinophilic cationic protein, and fibrinogen while simultaneously removing heavy metals/pesticides - correlating with clinical sensory improvement.
Similar rapid anti-inflammatory effects are reported in autoimmune encephalitis and other neuroinflammatory states treated with DFPP, where neurological function (including sensory symptoms) improves even without classic demyelinating neuropathy.
This is a neurological (rather than purely circulatory) mechanism: the nerves themselves are less irritated or inflamed, independent of blood flow.
2. Improved rheology beyond simple viscosity (erythrocyte behavior, endothelial function, and microcirculatory dynamics)
Even without physically "breaking loose" lodged microclots, DFPP alters blood flow properties in ways that enhance capillary perfusion and tissue oxygenation:
It reduces erythrocyte aggregability/rouleaux formation (by ~60% in analogous HELP apheresis) and lowers plasma viscosity more broadly than fibrinogen removal alone. This increases shear stress on vessel walls, triggering endothelium-derived relaxing factors (nitric oxide, VEGF) that promote vasodilation.
In conditions like arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) or diabetic foot syndrome - where patients classically report toe numbness, coldness, and pins-and-needles - DFPP is an established therapy precisely because it improves lower-limb microcirculation and sensory symptoms via these rheological changes.
Long-COVID apheresis studies (using similar filtration) document disappearance of fibrin fibers and rouleaux on dark-field microscopy alongside symptom relief, showing flow improvement without requiring clot dissolution.
Poiseuille's law still applies, but the effect is amplified by better red-cell deformability and reduced cellular aggregation, allowing plasma to "squeeze" through partially compromised capillaries more effectively.
3. Removal of other hyperviscosity or pro-aggregatory factors (e.g., cryoglobulins, lipids, immune complexes)
DFPP is highly effective for cryoglobulinemic vasculitis or hyperviscosity syndromes, where large proteins cause sluggish flow and neuropathy; sensory symptoms (including distal paresthesias) often resolve rapidly after sessions.
Even in non-cryoglobulinemic cases, it removes oxidized lipids and immune complexes that promote endothelial dysfunction or microvascular sludging - effects documented in long-COVID cohorts and peripheral-artery-disease patients.
Grok said that blood viscosity would typically return close to a normal level in 3-6 days, fibrinogen in 2-5 days, cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6 in about 1-2 days, and oxidized LDL in 1-7 days.
The German anti-vaccine researcher NarfGb posted these comments about McCairn's treatment protocol: [https://
Sorry to say, but this sounds like voodoo without any given evidence! Treating symptoms temporarily is not healthy, offers no better survival chances, and is nothing more than voodoo medicine.
More open questions than anything I'd suggest for treating:
How was it proven that apheresis triggered anything more than a temporal and/or placebo effect? (How was a sham-controlled effect size established to differentiate therapeutic apheresis from a temporal/ placebo response?)
How was the clearance of modRNA determined following apheresis? (Lack of pharmacokinetic data regarding the removal of synthetic transcripts from systemic circulation.)
In the event of persistence, how were integrative events and/or RNA turnover, driven by cellular homeostatic effects, excluded? (Addressing the risk of genomic integration or compensatory mechanisms masking the treatment's actual impact.)
How was the clot formation mechanistically attributed to modRNA/Spike persistence without relying on third-rate in vitro experiments that lack any reliable diagnostic or predictive value?
How was the individually dependent dosage determined, particularly concerning the administration of growth factors? (Considering the non-linear dose-response curve and the risk of biological recklessness.)
Which specific exosome formulation was utilized? (Demanding CMC, Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls-data: source, purity, and surface markers.)
Which specific growth factors were used, and what specific cell-line was their recombinant or biological origin? In other terms: what is "SHED"?: It is not clear if it were Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (Dental Pulp MSCs / SHED-MSCs), Perivascular stem cells / pericyte progenitors, Neural crest-derived stem/progenitor cells, Neural stem or neural progenitor cells, Odontoblastic progenitor cells (dentin-forming precursors)
How was the individual dose-dependency established to avoid over-stimulation of signaling pathways?
By what methodology were the exosomes tracked in vivo to confirm biodistribution and target-tissue engagement?
How were off-target effects and non-specific cellular interactions rigorously excluded?
What is the clearly defined molecular mechanism of action (MoA), including validated in vivo dose-response relationships, that substantiates causality beyond descriptive reports and in vitro experiments employing recombinant spike proteins lacking physiologically relevant dosing?
Where is the supporting multi-omics data (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics (due to using exosomes)) to provide a quantifiable biological basis?
How were all other potential etiologies, other than the "Spike protein", differentially excluded?
What is the exact N-number and stratification of the cohort regarding previous modRNA-LNP injections?
How was electrostatic membrane interference and receptor shifting excluded, which may lead to disturbed intra-cellular communication, as primary drivers for thrombotic events?
How is the absence of time-shifted feedback loops or paradoxical immune responses excluded after application that could lead to long-term exacerbation?
Without addressing dose-dependent toxicity and providing longitudinal omics-data, and a clear tier of evidence this protocol remains a speculative 'Black Box' that fails the most basic requirements of the Helsinki Declaration.
In the comment section NarfGb wrote: "There is not even any animal experiments done. But using it for people with real issues and getting paid for doing human experiments you think is a good thing?! Especially with a therapy that does not really differ from LNPs despite a little bit more biocompatible lipid composition?"
He also wrote: "Sadly: It is not even a scientific argumentation: 'BUT they look and feel great.' I feel also great smoking crack or taking steroids." And he expressed concern how McCairn did not provide numeric data to quantify the effect of his treatment, but he presented evidence like an infomercial-style image where the patient looked happier in the "after" picture than the "before" picture. [https://
NarfGb also wrote: "And in the first line I am more pissed about the fact that he sells this protocol as a mirrage cure than to say it's pure experimental and we don't know by now what we're doing. This is the part really freaks me out." I agree with his concern, and furthermore McCairn has been fearmongering about the clots to the extent that some of his followers now believe that the clots are leading to human extinction. One of his patients said that the clots might be the most important issue humanity is facing, and that everyone is dying from the clots, and that he would have died if he didn't get McCairn's treatment. The patient also speculated that the stem cell growth factors "repair demons", which makes it seem like he didn't understand the purpose of the treatment well enough to have informed consent.
NarfGb next published a second post about the McCairn's protocol. [https://
I'm not saying that abnormal, fibrinolysis-resistant clots don't exist. The fluorescence signal is reproducible. But the term "amyloid" is overinterpreted and unproven.
I replied:
I agree, and the "amyloid" terminology fuels McCairn's fearmongering about how the vaccines are causing a prion zombie apocalypse.
Two years ago Baxter Dmitry from The People's Voice published an article that said: "According to Dr. McCairn, contagious prions released by Covid jabs behind the explosion of disease around the world and explain the mechanism for phenomena including 'silent hypoxia', the formation of white fibrous clots, the sudden deaths of athletes, turbo CJD, turbo cancer, amyloidosis, and the explosion of neurological diseases." [https://
thepeoplesvoice. ]tv/ neuroscientist- contagious- prions- from- covid- jabs- are- transfecting- the- unvaccinated/
Then NarfGb told me:
You knew, that you'll find in almost every protein amyloidogenic peptide sequences?
Tzotzos S, Doig AJ. Amyloidogenic sequences in native protein structures. Protein Sci. 2010 Feb;19(2):327-48. doi: 10.1002/pro.314. PMID: 20027621; PMCID: PMC2865711.
That was the best joke for the panic narrative: using the worst sequences to sell a panic narrative and distract from the injections.
I told him that was a great point, and I hadn't explored that angle before. Grok said:
Amyloidogenic or aggregation-prone sequences (APRs) are very common across proteins. These short segments, typically 5-15 residues long and often hydrophobic with high β-sheet propensity, occur frequently in polypeptide chains. Predictive tools such as TANGO, WALTZ, and AGGRESCAN, along with large-scale proteome analyses, indicate that APRs appear on average at least once every ~50-100 amino acids in typical protein sequences. In globular proteins, roughly 15-20% of residues fall within such predicted aggregation-prone regions, though these are usually buried in the hydrophobic core or stabilized by native folding to prevent uncontrolled aggregation. [https://
www. ]nature. com/ articles/ s41467- 020- 17207- 3 Proteome-wide surveys confirm this high prevalence. In a comprehensive analysis of plant proteomes spanning 75 species and more than 2.9 million protein sequences using the WALTZ algorithm, more than half of all proteins in each proteome contained at least one predicted amyloidogenic region, with a median of around 25% of proteins after applying stricter filters. [https://
www. ] Similar patterns hold in other organisms, including bacteria and eukaryotes. Many proteins - perhaps most - harbor the potential to form amyloid-like structures under permissive conditions such as fragmentation, denaturation, high local concentration, or specific environmental stresses.mdpi. com/ 1422- 0067/ 18/ 10/ 2155
A user that promotes Miles Guo said that the CCP is using a protocol similar to the McCairn protocol but with fresh blood taken from PLA military boys: [https://
The account has a similar profile picture and banner image as two other accounts that promote Miles Guo: [https://
A paper about bleeding risk associated with DFPP said: "Notably, although most coagulation factors typically normalize within 48-72 h after DFPP treatment, fibrinogen has a long biological half-life of about 3.5 days and incomplete recovery at 48 h post treatment is the norm [16]." [https://
Jordan Vaughn in Alabama offers a similar services of testing for microclots as McCairn. One of his patients posted this tweet that showed a report they received from Vaughn, which said: "Micro-clots come in all shapes and sizes. You may also see long, string-like appearing objects in your pictures. These are Endothelial cast and are associated with endothelial damage and inflammation. This is a normal finding for long-COVID patients." The report included three images of elongated clots, even though none of them looked flat, and all had a variable diameter: [https://
Apheresis Center in Cyprus also offers testing for microclots associated with long COVID. The website of the center includes these images of microclots, which all have a globular and not elongated shape: [https://
Peter McCullough scams people by selling a test for spike antibodies, and then he tells people with a high level of antibodies to buy his products in order to "detox" the spike protein, as if a high antibody level would be a sign that people have spike protein left over in their body. However in reality the presence of antibodies for the spike protein is generally a sign that immunity to COVID has been triggered by a vaccine or a natural infection. McCairn replied to a tweet about McCullough's test by saying: "Our patients show significant drops once treatment starts, and extends out for all tested patients. It's an indirect measure of the underlying pathology though." [https://
But how is it a symptom of a "pathology" if someone has antibodies for the spike protein? If McCairn's plasmapheresis treatment actually resulted in the permanent removal of spike antibodies, it might make his patients more susceptible to COVID, which would seem like a downside of the treatment. But of course the immune system will replenish the antibodies soon after the treatment. Antibodies are produced by memory B cells, which mainly reside in the lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and bone marrow. And even though a small part of memory B cells are circulating in blood, memory B cells that are removed from the blood still get replenished through a mechanism where the cells make copies of themselves through cell division.
One of McCairn's patients said that he was taking McCullough's Spike Detox supplements in order to reduce his level of spike protein antibodies, as if the antibodies would've somehow been harmful, or as if the anticoagulants in the Spike Detox supplements would've reduced the level of the antibodies. [https://
One of McCairn's patients posted the images below as evidence that her treatment was successful, because her blood looked more "stringy" before the treatment but more "smooth" after the treatment: [https://
Her images were turned into an infomercial-style image by the memetic warrior from naval intelligence: [https://
In June 2025 McCairn did an experiment where he mixed fibrinogen with ThT, heated it up to 42 degrees, and shook the mixture, and as a result he claimed he was able to create the fluorescent fibers below. He said that "using heat and shaking, we've managed to make the fibrinogen aggregate into an amyloidogenic form". [1:39:39] And he said: "In this instance I've been able to make fibrillar forms twisted reactive profile that looks very similar to what we're seeing in the blood. And again, what's the critical factor here? Is it the temperature? Is the Thioflavin intrinsically causing a reaction to the fibrinogen? Is the concentration of fibrinogen too high?" [1:29:43] He was surprised to find fiber-like structures that looked similar to the so-called "amyloid fibrin aggregates" he found in blood samples, even though his experiment was supposed to be the control run where he just looked at regular fibrinogen and he didn't apply any special procedure to form amyloid fibrin, like mixing in LPS or spike protein peptides with the fibrin. But he didn't rule out the possibility that the fibers were not made of fibrin, but they were just contaminants on his slide: [https://
At time 1:18:12 he said "What I've done to try to remove confounders that - fibers, dust, et cetera that could get to our preparation - so every sample that we're using here, has been passed and filtered through a - basically anything larger than a 100 micrometers would not pass the filter". But he didn't mention that dust fibers narrower than 100 µm might still pass through the filter.
He should've also repeated the experiment without the Thioflavin, so he could've seen if he found similar fibers that were autofluorescent without Thioflavin.
When I asked McCairn why the fiber in KenCaptn's blood had a flat shape, McCairn said it was because blood vessels are flat. But the fiber in the second image above also has a flat shape, even though the fiber didn't form inside a blood vessel.
In 2025 when Ian Musgrave said that the fiber in the 3-year-old's blood was cellulose and McCairn got a false positive with ThT, McCairn said that in order to eliminate false positives, "I run antibodies, use SEM/EDX, and Raman on samples". [https://
In 2012 the CDC published a study where they analyzed fibers that were said to be Morgellons filaments, but the fibers were found to be textile fibers or cellulose. For example the IR spectroscopy result of the fiber below was consistent with cellulose, but I have never seen McCairn publish similar spectroscopy results of his supposed fibrin clots: [https://
A Twitter user whose display name is "china Victims of Sinovac COVID-19 Vaccine" was inspired by McCairn to get DFPP treatment in China. But he said "DFPP is completely ineffective; everything rebounded completely after four days. What a tragedy": [https://
He also said "DFPP has left my body weakened, and it delivered zero therapeutic effect". He was confused about whether he should've gotten DFPA or DFPP, but it's likely the results of DFPA wouldn't have been much different: [https://
McCairn seems to have blamed the lack of success on getting DFPP and not DFPA or the baby tooth extracts. The Chinese guy was told by Shoujirou Katou that DFPP should be fine: [https://
Despite what McCairn said in the last tweet above, the Chinese user didn't accuse McCairn of malpractice, but only of not replying to his DM and not making clear enough if his protocol used DFPP or DFPA, and McCairn later admitted he wrong that the Chinese user hadn't sent a DM to him. [https://
Another Chinese user responded that RexesRule and CoyoteSanctuary also spoke about DFPP and not DFPA, and the Chinese user thought they were part of McCairn's marketing team: [https://
McCairn's patient mycityapartment wrote about the treatment that "I have experienced significant improvement that anticoagulants did not/could not provide". [https://
When I asked two of McCairn's patients if they had a rebound in symptoms similar to the Chinese guy, the patient mycityapartment said: "No I'm slowly improving across all symptoms including and especially neuropathy. 6 weeks from when I got home." [https://
But anyway, it was understandable for the Sinovac victims guy to mix up DFPP and DFPA, because even a promotional website about the treatment protocol says: "Edogawa Hospital's program is presented around Dual Filtration Plasmapheresis, also described as DFPP or DFPA in patient materials". [https://
A Japanese guy who did McCairn's blood test said that the elongated fluorescent structure below was in his blood. The structure is fairly short, it has a variable diameter, it doesn't look too flat, and it doesn't have sharp folds, so it might be more likely to be actually made of fibrin than the typical fibers that McCairn finds in blood samples: [https://
But McCairn still doesn't seem to be doing any procedure to determine the composition of the fluorescent structures, like immunostaining for fibrin antibodies or any kind of spectroscopy.
One of McCairn's patients from May 2026 said that he didn't notice any improvement after the plasmapheresis treatment: [https://
A few days later when he was asked about the effect of the SGF treatment, he said: "It's subtle for me, but I definitely have been just a little bit more functional. I'm able to do a bit more before feeling sore but I still will start to feel symptoms if I push." [https://
I informed Resia Pretorius of the experiment where McCairn mixed fibrinogen with ThT, shook the mixture, and claimed to have manifested a fibrin clot in the mixture (even though the fiber in his mixture looked like a dust fiber). She then quoted my tweet and wrote: "We and others looking for fibrinaloid microclot complexes, always do analysis on fresh blood plasma samples or plasma spun and stored at -80. We do not support dried sample analysis and any shipment at room temp. One must also be careful, as tissue paper fibers can show autofluorescence. However, we cannot comment on this exact photo." [https://
Grok said: "Tissue paper fibers fluoresce under UV light primarily due to optical brighteners (also called fluorescent whitening agents or FWAs) added during manufacturing. These colorless compounds, often stilbene derivatives or distyrylbiphenyl types, absorb invisible ultraviolet radiation (typically 340-370 nm) and re-emit it as visible blue light (around 400-450 nm) through fluorescence." Similar brighteners are also used in white textiles.
Tissue paper fibers look somewhat similar to cotton fibers and other cellulose fibers: [https://
This shows toilet paper fibers: [https://
Resia Pretorius also posted these answers to replies to her tweet:
In June 2026 Mary Talley Bowden interviewed McCairn and his patient Ken Evans, whose username on Twitter is KenCaptn20114. [https://
At time 13:33 Ken Evans said: "We already know that we have spike proteins, we already know we have amyloid. We're just trying to survive. And that's the part of this whole Japan thing. I was not prepared for seeing how ill these people were. If you have a heart and you see these people, it will make you so mad that somebody is in this condition. And we all know that we had amyloids. They were stuck in all our tissues. And in my body, they were opening up in the sores. I was sneezing blood, I was coughing blood, blood in my feces, my stomach, my esophagus, liver, lungs, kidney, fibrosis, my swollen spleen, my heart. Every part of my body was absolutely devastated."
But how did he know he had "amyloids" in other tissues besides his blood? As far as I know, McCairn only tests for the presence of the amyloid fibrin clots in blood, and it wouldn't make sense for the fibrin clots to even exist in other tissues.
Ken Evans also seems to think that because he still has antibodies to the spike protein, it means that his body is full of spike protein coming from the vaccines. At time 16:58 he said that after he got McCairn's treatment, "My spike proteins went down 25%. So the treatment for me not only saved my life, but it pulled a lot of autoantibodies, out misfolding proteins, spike proteins, and all of those blood clots." So he seemed to think the reason why his level of spike protein antibodies was reduced by 25% was because he still had spike protein from the vaccines circulating in his blood which was removed by McCairn's treatment, which doesn't make any sense.
At time 47:49 Bowden asked: "And just to be clear, normally in a normal blood you would not see anything lighting up at all?" Then McCairn showed the image below and said: "I mean you can see something. So look, if you look at that image that's on the screen, you can see smaller - like tiny microdots - that cluster around the image. Every sample will have that - because as the protein dries and desiccates on the slide, and there are some proteins and molecular species that are just fluorescent in and of themselves - but the size differential is what makes them different, okay. The fibrin causes large amyloidogenic twisting structures." Earlier McCairn has given the impression that the smaller fluorescent blobs are also be made of "amyloid fibrin", but now he seemed to suggest that the small blobs are not necessarily made of fibrin, but a characteristic of fibrin aggregates would be a large size or a twisting shape.
At time 1:26:04 Ken said: "People that are taking the vaccine is safe trail are ignoring Pfizer's own statistics. They admitted their vaccine didn't work. They admitted that it killed 82% of the pregnant women in studies."
But he misunderstood a set of preliminary data from the CDC's V-safe study, where at a time when almost no participants had yet completed a full-term pregnancy and only about 4% of pregnancies had completed, 104 out of 127 completed pregnancies had ended in a miscarriage (and not in the death of the pregnant woman). Later after more pregnancies had completed, the ratio of miscarriages divided by completed pregnancies dropped to about 13%. [https://
Now even Jane Ruby seems to think that RexesRule is being paid by McCairn to promote his treatment. Jane Ruby also asked "where are the empirical studies to show the validated instruments measuring the before and after of whatever they are filtering off", which is a very reasonable question. [https://
The plasmapheresis treatment is provided by Shoujirou Katou (加藤正二郎), who is the director of Edogawa Hospital in Tokyo. He also organized a conference at the hospital where the speakers consisted of Japanese anti-vaxxers and alternative medical practicioners: [https://
Katou's pinned tweet says in Japanese that the COVID vaccine is "extremely harmful and useless": [https://
The reason why Katou became the director of the hospital is not necessarily because of medical competency, but because the hospital was founded by his great-great-grandfather. In Japan it's common for the directorship of a hospital to be passed down from father to son. The previous director of the hospital was Katou's older brother.
One of McCairn's patients wrote: "Japan has the highest per capita mRNA vaccination rate in the world! According to Dr. Kato, 3.M Japanese died in the year following the initial rollout." [https://
The estimate of 3.89 million deaths was calculated based on a set of FOI data which included about 4% of the Japanese population, and which had about 150,000 deaths within a year from any vaccine dose, so the number of deaths was then multiplied by 25.8 to estimate the number of deaths in the whole Japan. [https://
In the years 2021-2024, there were likely about 6 million Japanese people who died within a year from eating rice. But that doesn't mean that 6 million people were killed by rice. In the same way the FOI data doesn't show that 3.89 million people were killed by vaccines, but it rather shows that vaccinated people had lower ASMR than unvaccinated people.
Now there's another cat lady who has started to say that McCairn is a hero who deserves a Nobel Prize. She made an AI-generated video where McCairn performs what looks like psychic surgery to "cast out amyloids": [https://
Someone who is going to Japan to get McCairn's treatment posted the image below of a fiber in his blood. If McCairn's scale bar is correct, then the fiber has a diameter of about 10 µm. The fiber has a fairly uniform diameter which doesn't seem like a characteristic of a fibrin clot, but the fiber has the kind of a flat cupped body that is characteristic of cotton: [https://
McCairn now claims that he is finding hydrogel in blood samples: [https://
In 2023 Ana Mihalcea similarly said that she found hydrogel in vaccinated blood, and that the hydrogel was developing into calamari clots: [https://
McCairn is just rehashing old scams by Mihalcea. She also presented spectroscopy results of Hirschman's clots long before McCairn, and in 2022 she already portrayed a dust fiber in a blood sample as a mini version of a calamari clot. McCairn has been making fun of Mihalcea for a long time, and he calls her the "35,000-year-old cacodemon worshipper" because she is a member of a cult whose leader claims to channel a 35,000-year-old Lemurian ascended master, but now McCairn himself is following in Mihalcea's footsteps, and he is trying to make people afraid of scary hydrogel formations in their blood.
The story about the calamari clots was broken by Jane Ruby in January 2022. At the time her show was part of the Stew Peters Network, which about four months earlier broke Carrie Madej's story that vaccines contained hydras. Carrie Madej also said that vaccinated people were growing blood clots that were made up of hydras. In her debut video in June 2020, she said that COVID vaccines were going to contain DARPA hydrogel, which she said was a transhuman technology that would turn humans into cyborgs and hook up the human brain to the cloud. I believe the earliest person in alt media who started to say that COVID vaccines were going to contain DARPA hydrogel was Celeste Solum, who was already doing videos about DARPA hydrogel in March 2020, but she also said that COVID vaccines contained gorilla feces and neanderthal DNA: [https://
In July 2026 McCairn and some of his patients did a video with Mary Talley Bowden. [https://
At time 1:25:55, McCairn's patient Ken Evans said: "If people are listening, and they have symptoms like brain fog, massive headaches, neck aches, fatigue, shortness of breath, your vision - double vision, blurry vision - you get really dizzy, you can't stand up, your heart starts to race, or it starts to plummet, you get skin rashes, or bleeding, weird stomach issues, you're confused, you forget things a lot, you're - 'Oops, where was I?' - 'Oops, I just passed my exit while I'm driving' - severe muscle pain. These are all signs of microclots in your blood." And then he said people who have those symptoms should get their blood tested by McCairn (which will likely lead to McCairn finding microclots in the blood, and then suggesting people to get his 60,000 USD treatment).
Ken might have just as well listed the same litany of symptoms and then said they are a sign that you have Body Thetans, and the way to get rid of the Body Thetans is to pay 60,000 USD in auditing fees to McCairn. The list of symptoms Ken produced was so generic that just about everyone experiences nonzero of those symptoms to some extent. But I think neither McCairn or Ken can know if the symptoms have anything to do with microclots. And even if the plasmapheresis treatment would provide temporarily relief to the symptoms, it doesn't necessarily have anything to do with removing microclots from the blood.
Scientologists believe that humans are possessed by disembodied souls of aliens called Body Thetans, and that symptoms of having Body Thetans include physical tightness or pressure in specific parts of the body, negative emotions like unhappiness, fear, or anger, or unexplained ailments, persistent fatigue, or cloudiness of thought. [https://
Some lady on Twitter posted the image below, posted a link to her GiveSendGo page, and wrote: "The first picture is an amyloid macro clot (next size up from a micro clot) that Dr. McCairn found in my husband's blood sample. Just like my husband, my son and I (second picture) were told we also have severe micro clots. We need to get to Japan for relief and treatment with the McCairn Edogawa protocol - Dual Filtration Plasmapheresis (DFPP) and Stem Cell Growth Factors (SGF). These are some of our symptoms collectively: headaches, fatigue, trouble exercising, stomach cramps, nausea, chronic on/off vomiting, heart pounding, neuropathy, feeling hot/cold, bladder issues, eye and ear inflammation, AFib, sleeping problems, severe depression, brain fog, anxiety, memory issues, mast cell, and cytokine storm. Please share, pray, and give. Thank you!" [https://
Just about anyone experiences the symptoms she listed to some extent, but McCairn seems to have convinced her that she now needs to get his expensive treatment because of the symptoms.
Resia Pretorius said that the image above "does not look like microclot complexes": [https://
She said the image doesn't have a scale bar, but I guess she missed the scale bar in the top left corner. Or maybe she was confused by how McCairn used micromolars and not micrometers as the units of his scale bar.
But anyway, I'm not sure if McCairn screwed up his scale bar yet again, because based on the size of both the fibers and the small green blobs, the image looks like it might be taken at around 5 times lower magnification than indicated by the scale bar. Based on the 50 µm scale bar, the small green blobs in the image would be only about 1 µm wide, even though in McCairn's other microscope images, similar green blobs have been about 5 µm wide (even though I'm not sure what the blobs are supposed to be, or if different images feature different types of blobs).
If the scale bar is actually around 250 µm and not 50 µm wide, then the diameter of the spaghetti-like fibers would fall around the typical range of 10-30 µm. But if the scale bar is actually only about 50 µm wide, then the fibers would be much narrower than typically (even though they would match the diameter of microfibers used in cleaning products, which have a diameter around 3-5 µm).
Resia Pretorius also posted these tweets about McCairn's protocol: [https://
Allen Green is an associate medical director of a plasma apheresis center. He posted these tweets about McCairn's treatment protocol: [https://
Allen Green said that "DFPA is not a thing". When I googled for "dual filtration plasma apheresis" in double quotes, there were only 7 pages of results, which all appeared to be about McCairn's protocol.
There's an RCT of therapeutic plasma exchange as a treatment for long COVID, which found no significant difference between the treatment group and placebo group. [https://
In June 2026, The Lancet published a paper about a German RCT of immunoadsorption as a treatment for long COVID. The trial empolyed the same Asahi TR-350 immunoadsorption column that is used by the McCairn-Edogawa protocol. After 5 cycles of treatment given over the course of a single week, no significant benefit was found compared to a sham treatment (even though there were only 20 patients per arm, so the lack of significance may have been due to a small number of patients): [https://
Background
Post-Covid syndrome is a debilitating condition which may be caused and/or aggravated by autoantibodies. The current study aimed to determine whether autoantibody depletion by immunoadsorption is effective to reduce the symptom burden of patients with post-Covid syndrome.
Methods
IAMPOCO was a randomised, patient-blinded, sham-controlled crossover trial of immunoadsorption with tryptophan adsorbers versus sham treatment in patients with post-Covid syndrome at a tertiary academic care centre. The primary outcome was the difference in change in symptom severity before and after the respective therapies. Secondary outcomes included treatment safety, prevalence of autoantibodies against G protein-coupled receptors (adrenergic and muscarinergic receptors), and the influence of treatment on autoantibody levels.
Findings
40 patients with post-Covid syndrome and a symptom severity of at least 2 on the Post-Covid-19 Functional Scale were included and randomised to a treatment sequence. There was no difference in change in symptom severity between immunoadsorption and sham; odds ratio in Post-Covid-19 Functional Scale, OR = 1.17 (95% CI, 0.41-3.36; p = 0.771), mean difference in MFI-20 2.4 (95% CI, -3.7-8.5; p = 0.437), in CFS 0.09 (95% CI, -4.5 to 4.7; p = 0.970), in Bell-Scale -2.6 (95% CI, -6.9 to 1.8; p = 0.246), in MoCA score -0.01 (95% CI, -1.2 to 1.1, p = 0.993) and in Handgrip-strength deviation from individual normal value 1.3 (-0.83 to 3.5, p = 0.234). 34 adverse events occurred, 10 during or after sham treatment and 24 during or after immunoadsorption. Autoantibodies against G protein-coupled receptors were depleted by immunoadsorption but not sham treatment.
Interpretation
Immunoadsorption was not effective in reducing symptom burden in post-Covid syndrome.
Earlier when the Sinovac victims guy got DFPP in China but he said the treatment was ineffective, McCairn blamed it on the treatment being DFPP and not DFPA. It's not clear if DFPA is supposed to mean regular immunoadsorption, or if DFPA means DFPP combined with immunoadsorption. But in either case, the German trial suggests that the TR-350 immunoadsorption column is not necessarily effective in treating long COVID.
A placebo effect was evident in some patients who received a sham treatment in the German study, because the study said: "On the other hand, both of the 2 subjects that left the study after their initial sham treatment reported an improvement and stated that they did not want to risk receiving what they mistakenly thought would be sham treatment in the second cycle (when they would have been treated with true immunoadsorption)."
One of McCairn's patients described the treatment protocol like this: "My blood is drawn out through a catheter in my neck. The plasma is separated from my blood cells and run through a column called the IMMUSORBA TR-350, made by Asahi Kasei Medical in Japan. Inside that column, the pathological antibodies and immune complexes circulating in my blood bind directly to the column material and are captured. My own cleaned plasma is then returned to my body." [https://
She also posted this circuit diagram for IMMUSORBA TR-350, which includes the plasma separator (that is common to both DFPP and immunoadsorption) and an immunoadsorption column, but the diagram is missing the plasma fractionator that acts as the second filter in DFPP: [https://
"Plasma adsorption" seems to be an alternate term for immunoadsorption that is mainly used in Japan. The Japanse manufacturer Asahi's website speaks of plasma adsorption interchangeably with immunoadsorption: [https://
The setup shown in the video by McCairn's patient corresponds to the bottom left immunoadsorption setup here, and not to the DFPP setups on the top row:
I asked Shoujirou Katou on Twitter if what he calls DFPA is some kind of a hybrid between DFPP and IA, or if DFPA is just a nonstandard term for regular IA, but he didn't answer me. [https://
Grok said:
Immunoadsorption (IA) and Plasma Adsorption (PA) are very closely related and often used interchangeably. On Asahi Kasei's official site, they are grouped together as one modality: "Immunoadsorption (IA) / Plasma Adsorption (PA)". The main technique involves separating plasma and then running it through a selective adsorption column (such as the IMMUSORBA TR-350 tryptophan column) that binds specific pathogenic substances like antibodies and immune complexes. The cleaned plasma is then returned to the patient. This is distinct from Double Filtration Plasmapheresis (DFPP), which relies on two membrane filters for size-based separation rather than chemical adsorption. In the context of Edogawa Hospital, the treatment using the TR-350 column is referred to as Plasma Adsorption, and they brand the overall approach as DFPA.
The term "Plasma Adsorption" (PA) is used mainly by Asahi Kasei and in Japanese apheresis literature, though it is not entirely exclusive to them. Asahi Kasei officially lists it alongside immunoadsorption as one of the three main plasmapheresis modalities. In Japan it is a standard clinical term for column-based selective plasma purification. Internationally the term appears in some literature, but Western sources more commonly use "immunoadsorption" or "selective plasma adsorption." When you see "plasma adsorption" mentioned in relation to Edogawa Hospital or the McCairn protocol, it specifically refers to their use of Asahi's IMMUSORBA columns. Overall, it describes essentially the same column-based technique as immunoadsorption, with naming varying by region and manufacturer.
Allen Green pointed out that the term DFPA (dual filtration plasma apheresis) is a misnomer, because it implies the use of a second filter like in DFPP, even though the TR-350 column used at Edogawa is an adsorption column and not a filter: [https://
Asahi's PLASMAFLO plasma separators have a maximum pore size of 0.3 µm, so microclots that are too big to pass through the pores don't pass to the immunoadsorption column, but the clots are rather returned to the patient along with the red blood cells, so that the clots never get filtered. [https://
[Patient Blood] ──> [PLASMAFLO OP Filter (0. 3 µm)] │ │ ▼ (Through Pore) ▼ (Main Path) [Isolated Plasma] [Cell- Rich Blood] (No Microclots) (Contains 10- 30 µm Clots) │ │ ▼ │ [IMMUSORBA TR- 350] │ (Binds Antibodies) │ │ │ ▼ ▼ [Cleaned Plasma] ─────> [Recombined Blood] ──> [Return to Patient]
Asahi's brochure for their PLASMAFLO plasma separators shows that platelets are too big to pass through the pores, but platelets typically have a diameter around 1-4 µm: [https://
McCairn said that the IMMUSORBA column "seems particularly effective at clearing amyloidogenic fibrin". When Allen Green pointed out that the microclots are too big to pass through the pores to the IMMUSORBA column, McCairn said that was why there were two filters. So McCairn doesn't seem to understand that the microclots don't pass through the plasma separator filter, so the clots are never routed to the TR-350 column (which is not even a filter but an adsorption column): [https://
McCairn responded by saying there was a size exclusion mesh after the IA column, because he didn't seem to understand that the microclots don't get passed to the IA column in the first place: [https://
Then McCairn said that after the plasma is combined with the cell-rich-blood, there's a mesh filter before the combined blood is returned to the patient, but he didn't seem to realize that the holes in the mesh were far too large to filter out microclots: [https://
Google AI said this about the "venous line air trap mesh filter" that is located after the spot where the plasma gets combined with the cell-rich blood:
In an Asahi Kasei Medical apheresis circuit, the standard inline venous line blood chamber uses a mesh filter with a hole size typically ranging from 150 µm to 200 µm (micrometers).
The primary purpose of this standard blood mesh filter is to act as a gross macro-aggregate trap right before the blood safely returns to the patient's body.
Purpose of the Mesh Filter Holes
Traps Macro-Clots: It catches any blood clots, fibrin strands, or large particulate matter that may have formed due to blood pooling or surface activation within the extracorporeal tubing.
Catching Persistent Microbubbles: The mesh surface tensions help disrupt and break down macro-air bubbles, assisting the main bubble catcher chamber.
Low Fluid Resistance: Because whole blood cells (red blood cells are roughly 7 to 8 μm) must pass through this stage after recombining with the plasma, a large 150 to 200 μm opening ensures zero resistance, zero clotting of normal blood cells, and stable venous pressures.
So if we assume the microclots have a diameter between 1 and 100 µm, then the clots are too big to pass through the 0.3 µm pores in the plasma separator, so the clots never pass through the "size exclusion return mesh" that is located behind the immunoadsorption column but before the spot where the plasma gets combined with cell-rich blood. The "air trap mesh filter" is located after the spot where the plasma gets combined with cell-rich blood, but the pore size of the filter is around 150-200 µm, which is too large for the microclots to get trapped. So none of the three filters ends up removing the microclots from the patient's blood.
Now after McCairn had been made aware of a fatal flaw in his protocol, he didn't acknowledge the flaw, but he tried to change the topic by claiming that his protocol still reduces clots in the blood, because he showed the photo below and wrote: "And here just for you, pre-treatment hyper-coagulable plasma (LHS), note the large fibrin clot down the side of the tube, and post treatment (RHS)." [https://
But Allen Green pointed out that it's normal for plasma to form clots in a test tube: [https://
McCairn said that the plasma on the right side was taken out of the apheresis circuit, but Allen Green pointed out that anticoagulants are added to blood to prevent clotting in the apheresis circuit: [https://
Allen Green also pointed out that IA treatment is designed to not remove too much fibrinogen, because it would increase bleeding risk, and the level of fibrinogen recovers after about 2-3 days anyway: [https://
There's two studies where IA treatment using TR-350 reduced the fibrinogen level in blood by about 60-70%. [https://
One of McCairn's patients said that while she was undergoing the treatment in Tokyo, a clot formed in the tubes of the plasmapheresis machine, and she said: "This is why the treatment is necessary for me. The clot could have migrated to vital organs like the heart, brain, or lungs, but fortunately, it was caught in time." But Markus and Allen Green pointed out that it's normal for clots to form in the tubes of a plasmapheresis circuit: [https://
One of McCairn's patients now said: "During DFPA #2 on 7/28 a small injury occurred to my right lung leading to a pneumothorax." [https://
Another one of McCairn's patients was asking for donations so the patient with a collapsed lung could undergo a full 4-week treatment instead of only a 2-week treatment: [https://
When the patient whose lung collapsed during the second treatment had undergone a single treatment, she said on GoFundMe: "Many of you have asked if I'm feeling better. The honest answer is...it's still too early to know." So she doesn't seem to have experienced a miracle cure like was reported by some of McCairn's early patients. But she was still enthusiastically asking for donations so she could continue the treatment for the full 4 weeks: [https://
After she had undergone two treatments, she said: "I hoped for some tiny improvement but have had little and a complication. I want to continue care which is usually 4 treatments." [https://
The patient with a collapsed lung said that she was part of a "clinical trial" in Japan, so someone on Twitter was wondering why the patient was raising money if she was part of a clinical trial, because clinical trials should normally be free: [https://
However another one of McCairn's patients responded: "Nobody is hiding the fact that it's an experimental research protocol. If someone casually used the words 'clinical trial' in a social media post, that doesn't suddenly change what it is." [https://
McCairn has had about 50 patients so far, but at least two of them have had a severe adverse event during the treatment, because earlier Lyndsey House experienced a hypovolemic shock during the treatment. So that's a rate of around one severe adverse event per 25 patients, or possibly even more in case other patients have also experienced a severe adverse event that was not publicized.
When Markus told McCairn that the German trial failed to find a significant benefit for immunoadsorption, McCairn said it was because the patients of the trial were not injected with the baby tooth extracts, and because not all patients had the catheter hooked up to the jugular vein.
McCairn has been saying that the reason why his plasmapheresis machine is hooked up to the jugular vein is because it somehow improves the removal of toxins from the brain. His explanation doesn't make sense, because even if some toxins happened to be released from the brain to the jugular vein at the time of the treatment, they would next move to the heart, then to some random artery, and then back from another vein, so the toxins could just as well be removed by hooking up the catheter to some other vein.
Markus also told McCairn that his explanation makes no sense, and a jugular catheter is commonly used in plasmapheresis but not for the purpose of removing toxins from the brain: [https://
Google AI said:
An internal jugular central venous catheter is used in plasmapheresis primarily to provide the exceptionally high blood flow rates and mechanical stability required by apheresis machines.
While peripheral veins (arms) are preferred whenever possible, many patients require a jugular central line due to poor vein quality or the need for multi-day treatments.
The specific reasons a jugular catheter is selected for this procedure include:
High Flow Rates and Pressure Resistance
Prevents vein collapse: Plasmapheresis pumps pull blood out of the body at high velocities, creating intense negative pressure. Small peripheral veins would collapse, whereas the large internal jugular vein can easily handle the vacuum.
Accommodates large-bore tubing: The procedure requires stiff-bodied, dual-lumen, large-bore catheters (often called Shaldon lines or VasCaths) to draw and return blood simultaneously.
Anatomical and Safety Advantages
Straight path to the heart: The right internal jugular vein offers a direct, vertical path straight down into the superior vena cava. This minimizes the risk of the catheter kinking or hitting vessel walls, ensuring smooth blood flow.
Lower risk of stenosis: Compared to a subclavian vein catheter (in the chest), jugular catheters carry a significantly lower risk of causing long-term vein narrowing (stenosis) or thrombosis.
Lower risk of infection: Jugular lines have a lower incidence of infection and lower complication rates compared to femoral vein catheters (placed in the groin).
Patient comfort: A neck catheter allows the patient to keep their arms free and moving during multi-hour, multi-session treatments, which is impossible with large needles in both arm bends.
It's not clear if the majority or minority of patients in the German trial had the catheter connected to the internal jugular vein. In a description of the clinical trial that was written before the trial was conducted, a section about the sham apheresis treatment said: "In some patients, adequate blood flow can be achieved by cannulation of peripheral veins. However, in most patients, placement of a Shaldon catheter into the internal jugular vein is necessary. Shaldon catheter placement carries other potential risks such as injury to the lung resulting in pneumothorax or mispuncture of the carotid artery. However, since the catheter placement is sonography-guided, the risks for such adverse events are minimized." [https://
In a Japanese tweet from August 2026, the plasmapheresis treatment provided by Edogawa Hospital was now described as PA (plasma adsorption) and not DFPA (double filtration plasma adsorption). I don't know if it's because I tagged the director of the hospital in a Twitter thread where we discussed how the nonstandard term DFPA was confusing, or if in Japan the term PA has been used interchangeably with the term DFPA even earlier (even though the term PA is almost never used in English-language discussions of the Edogawa protocol): [https://
Allen Green pointed out that unlike IA and DFPP, therapeutic plasma exchange might actually remove microclots from the blood. Then someone posted a photo of plasma in a tube and said: "You can see the amyloid hydrogel from DFPA in this picture. Why would anyone want albumin? It could be tainted with someone else's spike protein and who knows what else if someone got a dangerous shot lot. I'm unvaxxed. No way!" But Green said the albumin would not contain spike protein, and the photo did not show amyloid hydrogel: [https://
In plasmapheresis, the plasma is separated from the cellular fraction either by using a centrifuge or a membrane filter. In the case of both TPE and IA, centrifugation is more common in the United States but a membrane filter is more common in Japan.
The plasma fraction is discarded in TPE, so in TPE the centrifugation would remove the microclots if the clots end up in the plasma fraction, but not if the clots end up in the cellular fraction. But it's not clear if the clots would consistently end up in the plasma fraction.
ChatGPT said that smaller fibrin microclots might be more likely to end up in the plasma fraction but larger clots in the cellular fraction, and that high-fibrin clots might be more likely to end up in the plasma fraction but low-fibrin clots might be more likely to end up in the cellular fraction:
In centrifugal TPE (e.g. Spectra Optia, COBE Spectra, COM.TEC), red blood cells (density ≈1.09-1.11 g/mL) sediment to the outside of the centrifuge, the buffy coat (white blood cells and platelets) forms the middle layer, and plasma (density ≈1.025 g/mL) remains closest to the center and is collected.
A fibrin microclot is primarily composed of protein (fibrin density around 1.3-1.4 g/mL), but it is also highly hydrated, so its effective density is only modestly greater than plasma. Its behavior during centrifugation depends largely on its size and composition. Small fibrin microclots (tens of micrometers or less) are likely to remain suspended in the plasma layer and be removed with the plasma. Larger fibrin-rich aggregates containing trapped erythrocytes or platelets are more likely to sediment toward the cellular layers and remain with the blood cells.
In membrane filtration TPE, plasma passes through membrane pores while cells are retained. Fibrin microclots that are smaller than the pore size may enter the plasma fraction, whereas larger aggregates may be retained on the membrane or contribute to filter fouling.
Most intravascular fibrin microthrombi are not composed of pure fibrin. They often contain platelets, red blood cells, leukocytes, von Willebrand factor, extracellular DNA, and other plasma proteins. These additional components increase their size and alter their sedimentation behavior.
If the aggregates are sufficiently large or contain many red blood cells, they are more likely to partition with the cellular fraction during centrifugation. Conversely, small fibrin-rich aggregates with little cellular material are more likely to remain in the plasma fraction.
Therefore, if the question is whether TPE removes circulating fibrin microclots, the expectation is that small fibrin-rich aggregates would largely be removed with the discarded plasma, whereas larger or cell-rich thrombi may partition partly into the cellular fraction and be returned to the patient.
To my knowledge, there are very few published studies that have directly measured the partitioning of fibrin microclots during centrifugal TPE, so this conclusion is based primarily on the physical principles of density and particle size rather than direct experimental evidence.
Grok said fibrin-rich microclots would end up in the plasma fraction, and in fact when Pretorius and Kell test for microclots in plasma, they use centrifugation to separate the plasma and microclots from the cellular fraction:
In standard blood centrifugation used for therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE/plasmapheresis) or laboratory preparation of platelet-poor plasma (PPP), fibrin-rich (amyloid/fibrinaloid) microclots remain in the plasma supernatant rather than sedimenting into the cellular pellet (RBCs, WBCs, and platelets).
These microclots are routinely detected and quantified in PPP prepared by centrifugation (commonly ~3,000 x g for ~15 minutes). Researchers such as Pretorius, Kell, and others isolate PPP this way and then visualize the microclots (via thioflavin T or similar stains, fluorescence microscopy, or imaging flow cytometry). Higher-force centrifugation of the plasma itself (e.g., ~20,000 x g) can later pellet them for proteomic analysis, confirming they stay suspended under the milder forces that separate cells from plasma. [https://
pmc. ]ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/ articles/ PMC11131067/ They are typically 1-200 um in size (median often around ~15 um). Although this overlaps with cellular dimensions, their density, structure, and composition mean they do not reliably co-sediment with the cellular fraction under the conditions used for plasma separation in TPE or PPP preparation. [https://
www. ] In TPE, the separated plasma (containing soluble proteins, inflammatory mediators, autoantibodies, fibrinogen-related factors, and these microclots) is removed and replaced with albumin or donor plasma, while the cellular components are returned to the patient. This is one reason TPE has been explored experimentally for conditions associated with circulating microclots (e.g., Long COVID research contexts).frontiersin. org/ journals/ bioengineering- and- biotechnology/ articles/ 10. 3389/ fbioe. 2025. 1604447/ full
Allen Green said: "The median microclot is supposed to be around 20 microns. I'd suspect many at that size would remain in the plasma during centrifugation, but would want to see literature to confirm." [https://
Allen Green wrote: [https://
We know that plasma contains pro-aging, pro-inflammatory factors that accumulate over time and contribute to biological aging. Some of these have been identified: certain inflammatory cytokines, immune complexes, dysfunctional proteins. But the full catalog is unknown. We know these factors exist and that they matter not because we have mapped all of them, but because when we remove plasma broadly and replace it, without knowing exactly what we removed, tissues rejuvenate.
The animal evidence for this is striking. Heterochronic parabiosis experiments, in which the circulatory systems of old and young mice are surgically joined, demonstrated as early as 2005 that old tissue can be rejuvenated by exposure to a younger blood environment. For years the assumption was that young blood contained beneficial factors. But a landmark 2020 study published in Aging (Mehdipour et al.) overturned that interpretation. The researchers performed neutral blood exchanges on old mice, replacing their plasma not with young blood but simply with saline and albumin. A single exchange rejuvenated muscle, brain, and liver, tissues derived from all three embryonic germ layers. Pro-aging protein signatures decreased, pro-regenerative ones increased, and the benefits were comparable to what parabiosis had achieved. The implication was clear: you do not need to add anything from young blood. You need to remove what has accumulated in old blood. This is, in effect, the animal model of therapeutic plasma exchange.
The clinical translation followed. Dr. Kiprov's group demonstrated in the 2022 GeroScience study (Kim et al.) that old plasma dilution reduced measurable biological age in human patients. The 2025 Aging Cell study (Fuentealba et al.), also from Dr. Kiprov's research program, extended this finding using 35 epigenetic clocks, showing that TPE combined with IVIG produced an average reduction in biological age of approximately 2.61 years. These benefits emerged from broad, non-selective removal, not from targeting specific known molecules.
I believe Beate Jaeger was the pioneer of trying to use plasmapheresis to remove the fibrinaloid clots described by Pretorius and Kell. But Jaeger's HELP apheresis treatment seems to use a membrane filter and not a centrifuge.
One of her papers says "During HELP apheresis, blood cells are first separated from plasma in the extracorporeal circuit", and the paper says that she uses B. Braun's HELP system. [https://
B. Braun's H.E.L.P system is Plasmat Futura, which uses Haemoselect plasma filters that have a pore size of either 0.5 µm or 0.7 µm. B. Braun's website says: "The Haemoselect 0.5 / 0.7 plasma filter with a hollow fiber consisting of polyethersulfon is an integral part of the HELP apheresis treatment unit, and is used for plasma separation in HELP apheresis on the Plasmat Futura machine." [https://
Grok said:
Beate Jaeger's HELP apheresis treatments rely on the commercial B. Braun Plasmat Futura system. In this setup, whole blood first passes through the Haemoselect membrane plasma filter, which separates plasma from the cellular components before any further processing occurs. Manufacturer specifications list the pore size of this Haemoselect filter as 0.5 to 0.7 micrometres. The separated plasma is then mixed with high-dose heparin and acetate buffer to lower its pH, causing fibrinogen, LDL, VLDL and related complexes to precipitate; those solid precipitates are subsequently trapped in a downstream precipitation filter, which is the source of the visible white or yellow gel-like material observed after treatment.
Fibrin-rich amyloid microclots reported in Long COVID research typically measure between 1 and 200 micrometres, with a median size often around 15 micrometres. Because these dimensions are substantially larger than the 0.5-0.7 micrometre pores of the Haemoselect membrane, the intact microclots cannot cross into the plasma stream. Instead they remain on the cellular side of the filter and are returned to the patient together with the red cells, white cells and platelets.
Grok said:
No published quantitative before-and-after comparison of microclot burden from the Jaeger / Pretorius collaboration (or closely related group papers) has been identified.
Jaeger's main case series on HELP for Long COVID (the 2023 Gavin Publishers paper and related 2022 theoretical paper) reports:
- Clinical symptom improvement in most patients
- Reductions in fibrinogen and certain coagulation factors measured before and after sessions
However, these publications do not include systematic pre- and post-treatment quantification of microclot load using the methods Pretorius's group typically employs (thioflavin T / fluorescence microscopy, clot scoring/grading, imaging flow cytometry, or similar).
Pretorius's team collaborated with Jaeger starting around late 2021 specifically to evaluate whether HELP could address the microclots they had described, and they developed grading systems for microclots and platelets. Despite this, no peer-reviewed paper from the group presenting paired before-and-after microclot burden data after HELP treatment appears to have been published.
One of Beate Jaeger's papers said: "Additionally, HELP apheresis has been found to remove circulating fibrinolysis-resistant microclots [18,19]." [https://
When I asked if other groups had measured microclot burden before and after apheresis treatment, Grok said:
Here are sources for the later clinic or independent reports that claim reductions in microclot-related measures after apheresis (distinct from the original Jaeger-Pretorius collaborative publications):
1. Dr Yannick Kok / FibriScore presentation (reported by Philip McMillan)
https://
drphilipmcmillan. substack. com/ p/ lessons- from- the- front- line- apheresis This conference summary states that Dr Yannick Kok presented laboratory evidence that microclot complexes, measured by his FibriScore® test, "drop significantly after apheresis."
2. Apheresis Center (Cyprus) claims
https://
apheresiscenter. eu/ blog/ help- apheresis- paper- removes- spike- protein- microclots- more The clinic states that research microscopy shows platelet hyperactivation and microclot-like / amyloid-like structures "dwindle post-treatment" with HELP apheresis.
Both sources Grok linked were somewhat dubious marketing-type materials.
The first source was a presentation by Yannick Kok, who did not actually show that the level of clots would "drop significantly after apheresis", because he only discussed the results of two patients, so the results were not significant in the statistical sense. And compared to the baseline level of the patient before treatment, the level of clots was higher a day after the treatment but lower six days after treatment, so whether the level of clots was higher or lower after the treatment depends on how many days after the treatment you're looking at.
The second source the website of the Cyprus apheresis center, but the website didn't include any numeric data that would've shown that the treatment would reduce the level of microclots. The center in Cyprus provides three forms of apheresis treatment, which are HELP apheresis, DFPP using the German Inuspheresis system, and immunoadsorption. But the center appears to use a membrane filter and not a centrifuge with all three treatments. [https://
Yannick Kok works for Ayus Laboratories, which is the German company that manufactures the Inuspheresis DFPP system. But Inuspheresis would likely not remove microclots, because it employs a membrane filter and not a centrifuge so separate the plasma. [https://
Ayus has developed a test called FibriScore to quantify microclot burden. Philip McMillan wrote: [https://
Ayus Laboratories' FibriScore® test uses imaging flow cytometry with fluorescent dyes that bind to amyloid structures, quantifying both the number and size of FMCs in a blood sample. For the first time, clinicians can see what's actually flowing through the pipes rather than inferring from indirect measurements.
The Cytek ImageStream® technology combines the statistical power of flow cytometry with the visual clarity of microscopy. Every particle passing through the machine is photographed, measured, and characterized. The result: patient reports show dramatic differences between healthy individuals (minimal FMCs) and long COVID patients (sometimes three-fold elevations in total microclot area).
FibriScore® is particularly valuable for treatment monitoring, revealing whether interventions are working. Post-apheresis samples show marked reductions, visible proof that the cleaning worked. One patient Kok tracked showed total microclot area dropping from 49.30 mm² to 7.60 mm² six days after treatment. Another showed sustained improvement over five months, from 60.09 mm² to 20.31 mm².
It's weird how McMillan only wrote about the results of two individual patients, and not multiple patients averaged together. The 6-fold variation of the first patient and 3-fold variation of the other patient might be within the normal range of day-to-day variation in clot burden, so the difference was not necessarily because of the treatment.
During an interview with Philip McMillan in 2025, Yannick Kok showed the image below, and he said: "I'm part of the Ayes Medical Group, and the thing of the Ayus Medical Group is that we do apheresis, and specifically we do Inuspheresis. And a big question for us is, is Inuspheresis able to filter out these microclots from a patient? I've used the TKM-58 filter in the Inuspheresis, and the filter - the pore size is in the nanometer range in this filter, and microclots they are in a micrometer range. So from a physical, uh, if you think of the physics, big particle, small hole, doesn't fit. So what [unintelligible] we would expect. We hook up a patient with high microclots, um, and after aphoresis we should not detect these high microclots anymore. Then we got this data. And this was a surprise. So here in gray, you see the initial value before aphoresis. In red, you see the value directly after Inuspheresis, and we see an increase. And we got worried. We were surprised to see this. And we started to think, how can this be? Because if you think of the physics behind it, we should remove it." [https://
Did he really not understand the basic mechanics of his own company's product? The TKM58 filter is the plasma fractionator filter, which is the second filter employed in DFPP. [https://
When Yannick Kok said that the patient had a higher microclot burden a day after treatment than before treatment, he was talking about data for a single patient only, so the increase may have been due to random variation.
But anyway, next Kok showed that when he measured the microclot level 6 days after treatment, the level was about 6 times lower than before treatment. And he said it was consistent with how a patient who has undergone the treatment will not necessarily feel better immediately after the treatment, but only a few days later.
But he again only showed data for a single patient and not multiple patients averaged together, which was really weird. Even the level after 6 days might have been within the normal range of day-to-day variation.
So his sample size is too small to draw conclusions about how the Inuspheresis treatment affects the microclot burden, even though if you understand that the clots are too big to pass through the plasma separator, then it makes sense why the level of the clots was not reduced a day after the treatment.
McCairn claims that the IA treatment provided at Edogawa is somehow safer than the TPE treatment provided in the United States, because in TPE the patient is given replacement albumin, and he claims the albumin is contaminated with spike protein or microclots. However I have never seen him present evidence that albumin products contain spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.
Here when he claimed that albumin had been found to contain spike protein, Allen Green asked: "Albumin from which manufacturer? Mind sharing the reports?" But McCairn never answered: [https://
One of McCairn's followers said that albumin has been found to bind spike protein in some laboratory studies. But Allen Green pointed out it doesn't mean that the albumin sold by manufacturers would contain spike protein: [https://
Then McCairn's follower said that blood banking protocols don't screen for the presence of spike protein, but Allen Green pointed out that the screening is not necessary because the spike protein is removed by the manufacturing process:
Then McCairn claimed that every batch of blood bank products he had tested had been positive for "cross-seeding amyloidogenic fragments". When Allen Green asked to see the evidence, McCairn didn't show the evidence but he said "I do all the time. You should pay closer attention to my output." However I have paid close attention to McCairn's output, and I don't remember seeing him post the evidence:
Google AI said:
No, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein does not survive the rigorous manufacturing and purification processes required to produce human serum albumin. The spike protein, like the virus itself, is highly vulnerable to the harsh physical and chemical steps designed specifically to eliminate viral and protein contamination during plasma fractionation.
Human serum albumin is manufactured using the Cohn cold ethanol fractionation method or advanced chromatographic purification, both of which utilize concentrated alcohol and extreme pH adjustments to selectively precipitate and separate proteins. These chemical conditions disrupt the structural integrity of the spike protein, which is a fragile trimeric glycoprotein. Furthermore, the purification process explicitly includes a robust viral inactivation phase called pasteurization, where the albumin solution is heated to exactly 60 °C (333.15 K) for a continuous period of 10 hours.
While native albumin is uniquely heat-stable and survives this thermal stress with the aid of stabilizers like caprylic acid, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein denatures rapidly at much lower temperatures. This pasteurization step completely unfolds the secondary and tertiary structures of any residual spike protein, rendering it non-functional and completely degraded. As a result, the final therapeutic albumin product has an exceptional safety profile, completely free of intact or active SARS-CoV-2 viral components.
Google AI also said: "No scientific study has ever found the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in commercially manufactured albumin products. Global regulatory bodies and researchers have continuously monitored plasma-derived therapies throughout the pandemic, and zero instances of spike protein contamination have been reported in finished therapeutic human serum albumin."
Earlier when McCairn has been asked why the catheter is hooked up to the jugular vein in the Edogawa protocol, he has given the implausible-sounding explanation that the jugular catheter somehow helps to capture toxic substances that are released from the brain.
Now he came up another similarly implausible explanation, because McCairn said that the jugular catheter would somehow enhance a mechanical pumping action that causes fibrin deposits to be released from muscle tissue into blood vessels: [https://
When I asked if his explanation was plausible, Grok said:
Fibrinaloid (amyloid-containing) deposits located in the interstitial space of skeletal muscle would not be expected to migrate into blood vessels as a direct result of the mechanical forces of plasmapheresis performed via a jugular catheter.
What the relevant study actually found
In the 2024 Nature Communications paper by Appelman, Wüst and colleagues, amyloid-containing deposits were present at higher levels in the skeletal muscle of long COVID patients than in recovered controls. These deposits sat between muscle fibers (extracellular/interstitial), not inside capillaries, and their density increased after an exercise challenge that induced post-exertional malaise (PEM). The authors explicitly noted they were not located inside capillaries and therefore were not observed to be directly occluding them in the biopsy samples. [https://
www. ]nature. com/ articles/ s41467- 023- 44432- 3 Why the proposed migration mechanism does not hold
Location matters. Interstitial deposits sit outside the vascular compartment, separated from circulating blood by the capillary endothelial barrier and basement membrane. Large, insoluble, amyloid-like fibrin aggregates do not freely diffuse across intact endothelium.
Apheresis mechanics are intravascular. Therapeutic plasma exchange (or double-filtration plasmapheresis) withdraws blood from a vein, separates plasma, removes selected components, and returns the remainder. Whether access is peripheral or central (internal jugular), the flow and shear forces act only on the blood already inside the vascular system. The procedure does not create pressure gradients, "pumping," or mechanical agitation capable of forcing distant interstitial material from muscle tissue into capillaries or larger vessels.
Central (jugular) access is chosen for practical reasons, not tissue mobilization. High-flow central catheters support the blood-processing volumes needed for effective treatment when peripheral veins cannot deliver adequate flow or are otherwise unsuitable. This is a standard technical consideration in apheresis, unrelated to extracting tissue-bound deposits.
Physiological mobilization is a separate issue. Muscle contraction, local inflammation, or changes in vascular permeability could theoretically allow some soluble factors or small particles to enter lymphatics or blood over time. That process, if it occurs at all for these deposits, would be driven by ordinary physiology or pathology - not by the presence or mechanics of a jugular catheter during apheresis.
In short, plasmapheresis can only remove what is already circulating in the blood. Claims that the mechanical action of "deep" (central-access) apheresis specifically mobilizes interstitial muscle fibrinaloid deposits into the vasculature lack support from vascular physiology, apheresis practice, or the muscle-biopsy findings themselves.
In the Twitter thread about the paper, the senior author Wüst wrote: "Blocking of capillaries by amyloid-containing deposits (or microclots) could reduced exercise capacity. We found these deposits in muscle tissue, but surprisingly not inside capillaries." [https://
Grok said:
Wüst and colleagues did not show that the amyloid-containing deposits they observed in muscle were fibrin (or fibrinaloid microclots).
What they actually did
In the 2024 Nature Communications paper (Appelman et al.), the team detected the deposits using Thioflavin T (ThT) staining on skeletal muscle biopsy sections. Thioflavin T is a fluorescent dye that binds to β-sheet-rich structures and is a general marker for amyloid material of various protein origins. They also co-stained some sections with antibodies against CD31 (to mark endothelial cells/capillaries) and LYVE-1 (to mark lymphatic vessels) to determine the location of the deposits.
They consistently described the structures only as "amyloid-containing deposits." They reported that these were more abundant in long COVID patients' muscle (extracellular matrix between fibers, next to but not inside capillaries), and that the amount increased after exercise-induced post-exertional malaise.
What they did not do
No fibrin- or fibrinogen-specific immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, or other biochemical identification (e.g., antibodies against fibrin(ogen), mass spectrometry of the deposits, or other fibrin markers).
No claim that the deposits were fibrin, amyloid fibrin, or the "fibrinaloid microclots" described in the Pretorius/Kell literature.
The paper references the circulating microclot hypothesis as background context but concludes that the deposits they saw were not located inside vessels and therefore did not support the idea of capillary blockage by such material. The molecular identity of the muscle deposits was left open; the authors noted that the reason for their intramuscular accumulation remained elusive.
When I asked if Wüst's group had determined in other studies if the deposits were made of fibrin, Grok said:
No. There is no published evidence that Rob Wüst's group (including collaborators such as Appelman or Charlton) has determined that the amyloid-containing deposits observed in skeletal muscle are fibrin (or fibrinaloid microclots).
Original 2024 study
In the Nature Communications paper, the deposits were identified solely by Thioflavin T staining (a general amyloid dye). No fibrin- or fibrinogen-specific antibodies, proteomics, or other compositional analyses were performed. The structures were described only as "amyloid-containing deposits."
Later work by the group
Subsequent papers and preprints from the same team focus on related topics such as: - Muscle fiber-type shifts - Mitochondrial function - Comparisons between long COVID, ME/CFS, and bed-rest deconditioning
These continue to refer to the structures as "amyloid-containing deposits" (or cite the original finding) without new data identifying their protein composition as fibrin.
Wüst has received funding (e.g., from ME Research UK) for projects exploring microclots and microvascular pathology in muscle in the context of long COVID/ME/CFS and PEM. However, no peer-reviewed publications from the group have yet reported specific identification of the muscle deposits as fibrin.
External commentary
Other researchers (particularly in the Pretorius/Kell circle) have noted that the muscle deposits "resemble" or may be related to circulating fibrinaloid microclots, but those interpretations come from outside Wüst's team and are not findings demonstrated by his group.
Some of McCairn's followers seem to think that the deposits described by Wüst had somehow formed in the circulatory system but then migrated to the muscle tissue. But I didn't find that hypothesis actually proposed by Wüst's group anywhere, and his group seems to have not answered the questions of how the deposits are formed or what the deposits are made of.
The authors appeared to assume that the deposits were amyloid because the deposits were stained by ThT, but the authors didn't describe doing confirmatory tests like staining with Congo red or an Amytracker dye, or doing electron microscopy to see if the deposits contain amyloid fibrils.
Someone on Twitter told me I was wrong about the Edogawa protocol, because he said there were two studies that showed IA produced an improvement in the symptoms long COVID patients: [https://
But the other study he linked was a trial protocol for a planned study called IA-PACS-CFS, which had no results reported. [https://
The Twitter user Markus posted a video where the authors of the unpublished RCT presented their preliminary results. The primary outcome measured in the study was the change in the Chalder Fatique Scale before treatment and approximately 60 days after treatment, but there was no significant difference in the measure between the treatment and sham groups: [https://
Markus pointed out how the German RCT used a jugular catheter to ensure a high flow rate of blood. McCairn has been making it seem like the reason why his protocol uses a jugular catheter is because it somehow enhances the removal of harmful substances that get released from the brain at the time of the treatment, which doesn't make any sense. So McCairn pretends like the jugular catheter is a secret sauce of his protocol, so if there's some other protocol that doesn't use a jugular catheter, McCairn can say that explains why the protocol is not effective.
But now after Markus pointed out there were two German RCTs that found no significant benefit even though they used a jugular catheter, McCairn pivoted to coming up with a new secret sauce, which was that his protocol targets some specific autoantibodies. But when Markus asked what autoantibodies, McCairn said it was proprietary information, so Markus pointed out the hypocrisy of McCairn's answer, because McCairn has earlier presented himself as a great champion of open source science: [https://
The IA circuit at Edogawa seems to just use the regular TR-350 column, and not any extra column that targets some secret proprietary antibodies. The different components of the IA circuit are visible from the photos and videos posted from the hospital.
Previously McCairn made it seem like the immunoadsorption column used in Japan was some kind of special Japanese technology that was not available outside of Japan, because it was not licensed in the United States. But he failed to mention that the Asahi TR-350 column is licensed in many European and Asian countries, and the column is commonly used in countries like Germany and Italy.
So now after the German IAMPOCO trial showed no significant benefit even though the trial employed both the TR-350 column and a jugular catheter, McCairn has to come up with some new way to convince his customers that his protocol has some proprietary secret sauce, so that his protocol sucks out the amyloid fibrils and hydrogel nanobots better than his competitors.
One of McCairn's patients said that "my medical bills have reached $187,459.72 USD", because "my body is corroded with amyloidogenic hydrogel". She said that she even had to sell her car to get to Japan, and she is now financially devastated: [https://
She also falsely referred to the treatment provided at Edogawa as "double filtration plasmapheresis", and she falsely claimed that the treatment is only available in Japan. McCairn has been marketing his treatment as somehow unique, so McCairn's patients don't seem to realize that similar IA treatment is available at a much lower cost in Europe and the United States (and many patients seem to incorrectly think the treatment is DFPP and not IA, because even McCairn himself used to refer to the treatment as DFPP until January 2026).
